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備註請放最後面 違者新聞文章刪除

1.媒體來源:

外媒    scitechdaily

2.記者署名:

By DAVID L. CHANDLER
麻省理工學院 2021 年 6 月 25 日

3.完整新聞標題:

“Nuclear Batteries” Offer a New Approach to Carbon-Free Energy

4.完整新聞內文:

“Nuclear Batteries” Offer a New Approach to Carbon-Free Energy
TOPICS:Battery TechnologyClimate ChangeEnergyMITNuclear Energy
By DAVID L. CHANDLER, MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY JUNE 25, 2021

MIT Nuclear Battery Concept
This cut-away rendering of the MIT nuclear battery concept shows important
components such as the instrumentation and control module, the reactor, and
the power module. Credit: Courtesy of the researchers

Jacopo Buongiorno and others say factory-built microreactors trucked to usage
sites could be a safe, efficient option for decarbonizing electricity systems.

We may be on the brink of a new paradigm for nuclear power, a group of
nuclear specialists suggested recently in The Bridge, the journal of the
National Academy of Engineering. Much as large, expensive, and centralized
computers gave way to the widely distributed PCs of today, a new generation
of relatively tiny and inexpensive factory-built reactors, designed for
autonomous plug-and-play operation similar to plugging in an oversized
battery, is on the horizon, they say.

These proposed systems could provide heat for industrial processes or
electricity for a military base or a neighborhood, run unattended for five to
10 years, and then be trucked back to the factory for refurbishment. The
authors — Jacopo Buongiorno, MIT’s TEPCO Professor of Nuclear Science and
Engineering; Robert Frida, a founder of GenH; Steven Aumeier of the Idaho
National Laboratory; and Kevin Chilton, retired commander of the U.S.
Strategic Command — have dubbed these small power plants “nuclear batteries.
” Because of their simplicity of operation, they could play a significant
role in decarbonizing the world’s electricity systems to avert catastrophic
climate change, the researchers say. MIT News asked Buongiorno to describe
his group’s proposal.

新一代相對小型和廉價的量產型的核反應堆即將出現，其設計類似於插入超大電池的自主
即插即用操作。這些系統可以為工業製程提供能量，或者為軍事基地或社區提供電力，
在無人全自動的情況下運行5到10年，然後用卡車運回工廠進行翻新。

Q: The idea of smaller, modular nuclear reactors has been discussed for
several years. What makes this proposal for nuclear batteries different?

A: The units we describe take that concept of factory fabrication and
modularity to an extreme. Earlier proposals have looked at reactors in the
range of 100 to 300 megawatts of electric output, which are a factor of 10
smaller than the traditional big beasts, the big nuclear reactors at the
gigawatt scale. These could be assembled from factory-built components, but
they still require some assembly at the site and a lot of site preparation
work. So, it’s an improvement over the traditional plants, but it’s not a
huge improvement.

This nuclear battery concept is really a different thing because of the
physical scale of these machines — about 10 megawatts. It’s so small that
the whole power plant is actually built in a factory and fits within a
standard container. The idea is to fit the whole power plant, which comprises
a microreactor and a turbine that converts the heat to electricity, into the
container.

This provides several benefits from an economic point of view. You are
completely decoupling your projects and your technology from the construction
site, which has been the source of every possible schedule delay and cost
overrun for nuclear projects over the past 20 years.

This way it becomes sort of energy on demand. If the customer wants either
heat or electricity, they can get it within a couple of months, or even
weeks, and then it’s plug and play. This machine arrives on the site, and
just a few days later, you start getting your energy. So, it’s a product, it
’s not a project. That’s how I like to characterize it.



這種“核電池”概念確實是一個不同的東西，因為這些機器的物理規模--大約10兆瓦。它
是如此之小，以至於整個發電廠實際上是在工廠裡建造的，適合在一個標準的貨櫃內。

我們的想法是將整個發電廠，包括一個微反應堆和一個將熱能轉換為電能的渦輪機，裝進
貨櫃。

從經濟角度來看，這提供了幾個好處。你正在將你的項目和技術與施工現場完全脫鉤，在
過去的20年裡，施工現場一直是核電項目所有可能的進度延遲和成本超支的來源。



Q: You talk about potentially having such units widely distributed, including
even in residential areas to power whole neighborhoods. How confident can
people be as to the safety of these plants?

A: It’s exceptionally robust — that’s one of the selling points. First of
all, the fact that it’s small is good for a variety of reasons. For one
thing, the overall amount of heat that’s generated is proportional to the
power, which is small. But more importantly, it has a high surface-to-volume
ratio because, again, it’s small, which makes it a lot easier to keep cool
under all circumstances. It’s passively cooled, to a point where nobody has
to do anything. You don’t even need to open a valve or anything. The system
takes care of itself.

It also has a very robust containment structure surrounding it to protect
against any release of radiation. Instead of the traditional big concrete
dome, there are steel shells that basically encapsulate the whole system. And
as for security, at most sites, we envision that these would be located below
grade. That provides some protection and physical security from external
attackers.

As for other safety issues, you know, if you think about the famous nuclear
accidents, Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, Fukushima, all three of these issues
are mediated by the design of these nuclear batteries. Because they are so
small, it’s basically impossible to get that type of outcome from any
sequence of events.

Q: How do we know that these new kinds of reactors will work, and what would
need to happen for such units to become widely available?

A: NASA and Los Alamos National Laboratory have done a similar demonstration
project, which they called a microreactor, for space applications. It took
them just three years from the start of design to fabrication and testing.
And it cost them $20 million. It was orders of magnitude smaller than
traditional large nuclear plants that easily cost a billion-plus and take a
decade or more to build.

There are also different companies out there now developing their own
designs, and every one is a bit different. Westinghouse is already working on
a version of such nuclear batteries (though they are not using that term),
and they plan to run a demonstration unit in two years.

The next step will be to build a pilot plant at one of the national
laboratories that has extensive equipment for testing nuclear reactor
systems, such as the Idaho National Laboratory. They have a number of
facilities that are being modified to accommodate these microreactors, and
they have extra layers of safety. Because it’s a demonstration project, you
want to make sure that if something happens you didn’t foresee, that you don
’t have any release to the environment.

Then, the plant could go through an accelerated program of testing,
subjecting it to more extreme conditions than would ever be encountered in
normal operation. You essentially abuse it and show by direct testing that it
can take all those external loads or situations without exceeding any failure
limits. And once it’s proven there under rigorous conditions, widespread
commercial installations could begin quite quickly.

These nuclear batteries are ideally suited to create resilience in very
different sectors of the economy, by providing a steady dependable source of
power to back up the increasing reliance on intermittent renewable energy
sources such as solar and wind. And, these highly distributed systems can
also help to alleviate pressures on the grid by being sited just where their
output is needed. This can provide greater resiliency against any disruptions
to the grid and virtually eliminate the issue of transmission losses. If
these become as widespread as we envision, they could make a significant
contribution to reducing the world’s greenhouse gas emissions.

Reference: “A Strategy to Unlock the Potential of Nuclear Energy for a New
and Resilient Global Energy-Industrial Paradigm” by Jacopo Buongiorno,
Robert Freda, Steven Aumeier and Kevin Chilton, 14 June 2021, The Bridge.

Link

https://is.gd/WzHOLH



5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址):

https://is.gd/PVEIVI

6.備註:









                超讚的，這種標準供電模組戰時可以適用於任何末日級避難園區。

                                有閒錢的大戶還能不斷電挖礦

                                    願榮光與布橋斯同在

                                https://imgur.com/WnwQNjT
















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作為密義源起供養；然而聚歛於上的是冥界的深冤與大樂奔瀉的淨慈，行者於閉關修持
之時若生起退失動搖之心，則神識旋即離散且肉身消殞；即便如此還是願意受灌頂嗎？
 https://imgur.com/cEVD0kE ---妖道七祖《攝一切魔根本瑜珈論/誓命問品第一》---
文章代碼(AID): #1K0Lp7VP (CFantasy) [ptt.cc] Re: [新聞] 湖南偏鄉驚曝百餘......
https://imgur.com/eRQKYMF               文章網址: https://is.gd/J7nd2k

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