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其實美媒的標題不夠全面啦
這篇雖然提到荷蘭陸軍的作戰部隊併入德國陸軍
但德國海軍一個步兵營也交給荷蘭海軍管了
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德國接管荷蘭陸軍
Germany Is Taking Over the Dutch Army
https://goo.gl/hdZBRo 《費城號角報》 2016年4月14日

荷蘭軍的大部份部隊在一項萬眾期待、於全歐陸推動的過程裡併到德國陸軍之內。荷軍
三個戰鬥旅中即有兩旅正式展開了加入德國聯邦國防軍的程序。
Huge portions of the Dutch military are being merged with the German Army, a
process that many want to see rolled out across the whole Continent. Two of
the Netherland’s three combat brigades have officially begun the process of
joining the Bundeswehr.


The 11th Airmobile Brigade came under German command in 2014. Then on March
17, the 43rd Mechanized Brigade officially became part of the German 1st
Armored Division. The Dutch Army now has only the 13th Mechanized Brigade,
plus special forces, support and headquarters staff under its own command.

這不僅對荷蘭而言是革命性變更，對歐洲及世界亦然，其替一支德國領導的新軍隊舖平
了道路。
This is a revolutionary change, not just for the Netherlands, but for Europe
and, in time, the world. It is paving the way for a newly capable German-led
military force.


There have been so many token efforts at forming multinational forces that it
is easy to gloss over what has just happened. But the Dutch aren’t just
doing training maneuvers with Germany. Lt. Gen. Mart de Kruif, commander of
the Royal Netherlands Army, called the collaboration “unique in the world,
both in the way and the level in which we integrate.”


He’s right. Other multinational forces are on a much smaller scale. The
German-Dutch Corps is probably one of the most advanced military
collaborations, but it is only 400 strong, including civilian personnel. The
5,000-strong Franco-German brigade has existed since 1987. But every time it
has gone to war, it has been divided into its separate, national armies—
parts of the brigade were finally deployed together to Mali in 2014.

但荷蘭這次卻是將其快速反應部隊和唯一的坦克部隊派到德國。
But this time, the Netherlands is committing its fast-response forces and its
only tank unit to Germany.


The two nations are also extending this partnership to the sea. Germany and
the Netherlands will share the Dutch Navy’s largest and most expensive ship,
the Karel Doorman. The ship is designed to play a few roles, but most
importantly, it can transport and land troops. It can land heavy equipment
and has space for helicopters. The German sea battalion—about 800 soldiers
specializing in naval protection, mine-clearance and boarding ships—will be
absorbed into the Dutch Navy. And the two countries are examining having a
German air defense unit join a Dutch unit.


These deals help Germany quickly expand the capability of its military, while
the Dutch cut costs. Until recently, the German military was designed with
one purpose—to prevent Russia from invading central Europe. That doesn’t
involve storming many beaches, so Germany didn’t have any real amphibious
landing capability. Now that the German Army is considering military missions
across the Mediterranean, it needs this kind of capability quickly.

與此同時，卡雷爾· 多爾曼艦則由於過度昂貴，使荷蘭無法加以善用。因此德國幫助荷
蘭付錢，而迅速地顯著擴張了德國的兩棲登陸能力。
Meanwhile the Karel Doorman was so expensive that the Dutch haven’t been
able to use it properly. So the Germans help the Dutch pay for it, and the
Germans get an instant and dramatic expansion of their amphibious landing
capabilities.

由荷方觀點來看，這種金錢限制成了每場德荷合作背後的原因。其軍費已從經濟產值的

From the Dutch point of view, this kind of money constraint has been the
reason behind all their cooperation with Germany. Their military spending has
fallen from around 2.5 percent of their economic output to 1.2 percent. Back
in 2011, the Dutch Army phased out all its tanks. Since then, they’ve
decided they still need tanks, but they don’t want to pay for them. So the
Dutch have decided that having their tank battalion commanded by Germany is
better than having no tanks at all.


The German Sea Battalion is under Dutch command, so this cooperation goes
both ways to a certain extent—though it is clear Germany is the senior
partner. Even so, the German troops commanded by the Netherlands will be
unable to deploy without the approval of the German parliament. Germany’s
constitutional court has ruled that the German military can only be deployed
with the permission of the Bundestag. This applies to German units stationed
in other forces.


“In all previous collaborations was agreed that troops operations continue
to be subject to checks by the national institutions and procedures,” wrote
Sachsische Zeitung. “The Sea Battalion of the German Navy could thus be
involved, for example, only after approval of the Bundestag on a foreign
deployment of the Dutch Navy” (Trumpet translation throughout).


Germany sees this unprecedented cooperation as only the start. It has begun
preparations for similar arrangements with Poland. The Czech Republic has
asked Germany several times for a similar arrangement to what the Dutch now
have—it also wants one of its armored brigades absorbed into the German Army.

德國國防部長烏蘇拉· 馮德萊恩表示她想要藉此方式建立一支歐洲軍。2月時她曾宣布
「我們將在明年組建一個多國裝甲師」。
German Defense Minister Ursula von der Leyen said she wants to build a
European army this way. In February she announced, “We will set up a
multinational panzer division next year.”

德國《世界報》稱「這將會建立一支現役人員超過2萬之眾的部隊，在2021年將可投入行
動──其將成為歐洲軍的核心」。
“This should create a unit with up to 20,000 active soldiers, which should
be operational by 2021—which would be the nucleus of a European army,”
 wrote Die Welt.


In February, von der Leyen called their cooperation a “prime example for the
building of a European defense union.” Last month, Lt. Gen. Dieter Warnecke
gave a speech where he held up the Dutch-German military partnership as a
model for deeper integration among all European armies.

德國媒體也見到了此事。《世界報》即對該議題刊登了標題為「歐洲軍實驗室」的文章
，此外尚有另一篇文章叫做「馮德萊恩正在推動歐洲軍」。
The German press sees this too. “Laboratory for an EU Army” was Die Welt’s
title for an article on this subject. It had another article titled “How von
der Leyen Is Driving the European Army.”

該報稱「馮德萊恩與亨尼斯-普拉斯哈特[荷蘭國防大臣]正在她們於阿姆斯特丹建立歐盟
軍的道路上扮演開拓者的角色」。
It wrote, “Von der Leyen and [Dutch Defense Minister Jeanine]
Hennis-Plasschaert were playing the role of pioneers on their way to an EU
army in Amsterdam.”


Right from the start, Germany made no secret of the fact that a European army
is the ultimate goal of this bilateral cooperation. The Trumpet described
this thinking back in 2013. Even back then, the plan had been clearly
articulated by Germany’s defense establishment. Efforts to create a European
army had consistently failed. So Germany was taking a new approach. It would
form deep military relationships with just a few countries. Gradually more
nations would be added to this cooperation, until the nucleus of a European
army was formed.


“If Germany can prove that integration can work with the Netherlands and
Poland—and they can save a lot of money doing so—other nations will want
in. Once Berlin brings a few more countries on line, this project will gain
critical mass,” we wrote. “The result would be an EU army, or a very
closely coordinated group of armies, centered on Germany.”

該過程伴隨著德國正在籌畫的多國裝甲師，以良好狀態進行當中。
With Germany planning a multinational panzer division, this process is well
under way.

其大幅述說了德國在歐立場，稱該國──而非法、義或任何歐陸國家──將會是這次歐
洲軍推動過程的中心。更重要的是，它亦大幅說明了德國的雄心。
It says a lot about Germany’s position in Europe that it—not France, Italy
or any of the Continent’s other powers—is at the center of this push for a
European army. More importantly, it says a lot about Germany’s ambitions.

德國的經濟主導地位表示，任何種類的歐洲軍都將由德國主宰。喬治．弗列德曼（註：
地緣政治學家）撰文鼓吹德法攜手進行防務合作時，寫道：
Germany’s economic dominance means that just about any kind of European army
will be dominated by Germany. Writing on France’s calls for Germany and
France to work together on defense, George Friedman wrote:


Collaborating on defense budgets, with each nation contributing based on
economic size, would mean that Germany would be both the leading economic and
military power in Europe. Within the EU, Germany is first among equals.
Creating a substantial military force would cement that.


The rise of a Europe capable of fielding a powerful military force,
independent from the United States, would be one of the biggest geopolitical
events of the 21st century so far, revolutionizing the balance of power
around the world. Europe has already shown that it’s willing to use its
considerable economic power against U.S. interests—siding with China against
the U.S., for example, in the case of the Asian Infrastructure and Investment
Bank. How much more independently would it behave with a powerful military?

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