看板 Gossiping作者 ejrq5785 (ejrq5785)標題 [新聞] 《經濟學人》台灣的憲法法庭可能將通姦除罪化時間 Tue May 19 10:01:51 2020
1.媒體來源:
The Economist
2.記者署名:經濟學人
3.完整新聞標題:
Taiwan’s courts may decriminalise adultery
台灣的憲法法庭可能將通姦除罪化
Jail terms for extramarital affairs are at odds with the country’s otherwise
liberal laws
因婚外情而入獄與該國的自由法律格格不入
4.完整新聞內文:
https://imgur.com/jV0PdS6
It is an odd mix. Taiwan is the only country in Asia to have legalised gay
marriage (unless you count Australia and New Zealand). But it is also one of
the few countries in Asia, along with conservative Muslim places such as
Afghanistan and Brunei, where adultery remains a crime. From 2016 to 2019 the
police investigated more than 10,000 people they suspected of philandering.
More than 1,200 were convicted. The guilty all received fines, averaging
90,000 Taiwan dollars ($3,000). They could in theory have been jailed for up
to a year. And many straying spouses end up with a criminal record.
這真是一個奇妙的組合,台灣是亞洲唯一同性婚姻合法化的國家(除非你把澳洲與紐西蘭
算入亞洲),但台灣也是亞洲中少數仍保留通姦罪的國家之一,這些國家大都是保守伊斯
蘭國家如阿富汗或者汶萊,這些地方通姦仍是犯罪行為。2016年到2019年警察偵查了超過
10000名涉嫌婚外情的案件,其中超過1200個人被定罪,所受到的刑罰都可易科罰金,平
均是9萬新台幣,若以法定刑上限為準,最多可關到一年。許多在外亂搞的配偶因此留下
刑事犯罪紀錄。
Worse, the weight of prosecutions falls largely on women. When husbands are
caught cheating, some wives forgive them, but insist on pressing charges
against the other woman. Cuckolded men, by contrast, tend to press charges
against both their wives and their lovers. The result is that 54% of those
convicted in recent years have been women. For other crimes in Taiwan, men
earn roughly 80% of all convictions.
遭致批評之處在於,通姦罪的刑事追訴與處罰有很大的比例僅落到女人身上,當一個不忠
的丈夫被抓到婚外情,許多元配通常會原諒他們的丈夫,但是仍堅持對小三提告,與之相
對的,在老公戴綠帽的案子,通常外遇的老婆與情郎都會被告,結果就是,通姦罪這幾年
下來有54%都是女性所犯,但在其他種類犯罪幾乎80%都是男性所犯。
The adultery law dates from 1935 and its age leads to further peculiarities.
The term it uses for adultery—tongjian—has long been held by the courts to
refer to vaginal intercourse between a man and a woman. It is not clear,
therefore, whether the law applies to gay couples, says Shawn Tsai
Ching-hsiang, the minister of justice.
通姦罪可以追溯到1935年,司法實務長久將這本罪─通姦(tongjian)的定義限於與男女以
性器交媾,它的定義並不明確,因此法務部長蔡清祥認為前此罪是否也適用到同性伴侶未
有定論。
What is more, the narrow definition of the crime and the reluctance of courts
to convict in the absence of clear proof have fostered a cottage industry:
private investigators attempt to demonstrate not just that a married person
has been having surreptitious trysts with someone of the opposite sex, but
also that the pair have been having intercourse. The snoops have been known
to wait outside hotel rooms listening for moans before bursting in, camera
in hand. A couple caught together in bed once escaped conviction, notes Kuan
Hsiao-wei of National Taipei University, by claiming they were just chatting,
albeit naked. But it is worth scorned spouses’ while to try to catch their
partner in flagrante, since the threat of pressing charges can help secure a
more favourable divorce settlement.
本罪的構成要件很窄外,法院一般在沒有足夠證據下不會下有罪判決,因此衍生出了一種
行業:私人徵信業者試圖要證明的不只是已婚者與其他異性秘密幽會,還必須抓到有性交
的事實。抓姦者通常都在摩鐵房間外,只一聽到呻吟聲,就衝入房間並馬上拍照蒐證。
根據台北大學官曉薇教授的說法,曾經有躲過通姦罪的情侶聲稱他們只是蓋棉被純聊天,
雖然雙方當時都已脫光了。
但這值得憤怒的配偶雙方花時間與金錢公然抓對方偷情,因為藉此威嚇所提出訴訟是一個
很有力的離婚談判籌碼。
Despite all these flaws, Taiwanese seem to like the adultery law. A poll
conducted in 2017 by the Taiwanese Public Opinion Foundation found that 69%
of adults wanted to keep it on the books. An earlier government survey found
even stronger support for retaining the law. “In Taiwanese society, everyone
thinks a stable marriage and family is the foundation of social stability,”
Mr Tsai says.
儘管通姦罪有這些缺點,台灣人似乎還是很支持通姦罪,一份在2017年由台灣民意基金會
做的民調顯示有69%的成年人想要維持通姦罪,更早由政府所做的調查顯示更強的保留通
姦罪的民意。
蔡清祥表示,在台灣社會人人都認為一個穩定的婚姻與家庭是社會穩定的基礎。
Nonetheless, several lower courts have asked the constitutional court to
review the law. It heard oral arguments on the subject on March 31st, and
says it will announce a ruling at the end of May. The court upheld the law as
recently as 2002, but since then has issued a series of more liberal rulings.
It was the court, for example, which ordered parliament to legalise gay
marriage in 2017. Mr Tsai says the government is open-minded about the law’s
future. The judges, however, are likely to be more categorical. ■
不過,來自許多地方法院法官要求大法官對通姦罪進行違憲審查,在3月31號,憲法法庭
對通姦罪舉行過言詞辯論,並宣布將在五月底做出違憲與否的宣告。大法官曾在2002年宣
告通姦罪是合憲的,自從那之後大法官做出了許多自由開明的釋字。舉例而言,就是2017
年大法官作出解釋,使得國會必須將同姓婚姻合法化。關於這次通姦罪,法務部蔡清祥表
示政府對該法的未來採開放態度,因此,大法官們可能會做出更明確的解釋。
This article appeared in the Asia section of the print edition under the
headline "Philanderers hold their breath"
5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址):
https://tinyurl.com/yc2vmlnh
6.備註:
經濟學人真的很關心台灣,補2002做的合憲宣告是554號。
另外標題的courts我直接翻成憲法法庭了,2022開始實施的憲法訴訟法也適用憲法法庭
司法院通姦罪憲法法庭言詞辯論影音↓
http://cons.judicial.gov.tw/jcc/zh-tw/videoinformation/show/826
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29號記得去看大法官的解釋文全文,不要只看媒體帶風像...
推 kutkin: 野雞雜誌又在大聲了7F 05/19 10:03
→ Dirgo: 原來經濟學人也有研究法律??12F 05/19 10:04
→ omfg5487: 爽完還能賺別人錢 智障法律15F 05/19 10:04
→ rex9999 …
噓 rex9999: 同性戀無罪 合意性交有罪 臺灣性教育荒誕不經世界聞名16F 05/19 10:04
推 s9234032: 英文教室嗎 XD 前幾天才看這文17F 05/19 10:04
推 kenyun: 通姦該改成連坐同罪同罰 哪有只告一人的道理20F 05/19 10:04
推 kindless: 現在通姦罪應該就是給元配懲罰小三用而已23F 05/19 10:05
→ headcase: 好棒ㄛ 其他法條躺一百年也不會動25F 05/19 10:05
→ kindless: 不廢除就要在新增一個 要告要雙方一起告26F 05/19 10:06
→ Dirgo: 引用的論述也有點微妙,通姦54%女性,其他犯罪80%男性,這也能27F 05/19 10:06
→ Dirgo: 變成支持告女不告男的證明??29F 05/19 10:06
噓 MADAOTW: 既然除罪化離婚要怎麼判??32F 05/19 10:07
→ milk250: 通姦罪的問題在於可對出軌的丈夫或妻子撤告 改成要告只33F 05/19 10:07
→ kouta: 竹科男的最後防線34F 05/19 10:07
→ Dirgo: 總結來說我認為這是個先射箭再畫靶的文章QQ37F 05/19 10:07
→ yiersan: 新竹回收工程師怎麼辦38F 05/19 10:07
→ rex9999 …
噓 rex9999: 同性戀需強制矯正 換妻你情我願自由世界 這才符合自然39F 05/19 10:07
推 dick929: 通姦廢除刑事責任以外,民事上,也應該放寬離婚的條件40F 05/19 10:08
→ gwenwoo: 此為國際趨勢 台灣還很保守41F 05/19 10:08
推 AmigoSin: 民法歸民法,別搞成刑法+142F 05/19 10:08
噓 therious: 到底什麼時候才除掉這個法條44F 05/19 10:08
推 PPPGGG: = =都沒人覺得 婚姻是兩個人的問題嗎46F 05/19 10:09
推 botnet: 台灣有台灣的做法,別管國際了49F 05/19 10:09
→ dick929: 現行離婚制度,如果只有單方面訴請離婚,很難50F 05/19 10:09
→ kaodio: 你們懂不懂民意 有80%的人不讚成廢除51F 05/19 10:10
推 Tattoo: 台女破麻解套了52F 05/19 10:10
推 REDF: 民法搞成刑法真的很靠北
然後會有法盲說 改了就能隨便當小三56F 05/19 10:11
推 artpoet: 去刑法化不知為啥一直要叫除罪化,搞到一堆人誤會58F 05/19 10:12
※ 編輯: ejrq5785 (218.166.130.146 臺灣), 05/19/2020 10:13:28
→ peiring: 刑法才有罪的概念,你聽過有人說違反民法什麼罪嗎?60F 05/19 10:13
推 menshuei: 民法的東西比較能夠與社會風氣變遷做嫁接,畢竟許多認定是依習慣,而公序良俗這種東西標準也是不斷的在變動61F 05/19 10:13
→ jerrylin: 通姦要被關 神經病殺人無罪 這應該是法學奇蹟63F 05/19 10:13
推 dick929: 去刑法化就是廢除通姦罪,不叫除罪化不然咧?64F 05/19 10:13
→ jerrylin: 民法罰錢而已 刑事案件才真的會抓去關66F 05/19 10:14
→ c230: 除罪有一方便是為了避免通姦的人浪子回頭 元配把小三小王告68F 05/19 10:14
→ dick929: 有刑事責任才叫做「罪」,很難理解嗎?69F 05/19 10:14
→ c230: 下去 然後真正通姦的人沒事70F 05/19 10:15
推 artpoet: 不然就叫去刑法化阿,或者叫回歸民法化阿73F 05/19 10:15
推 a2396494: 「在其他種類犯罪幾乎80%都是男性所犯。」笑死74F 05/19 10:15
→ dick929: 民法也跟罰錢無關好嗎?76F 05/19 10:16
→ artpoet: 糾結在名詞法學正確,只會導致民眾誤會反對推動77F 05/19 10:16
→ menshuei: 我也認為很多人會看錯,以為除罪了就沒事,結果民法被告賠錢GG的。78F 05/19 10:17
推 dick929: 民法在於合法權利的行使,以及權利遭侵害後的賠償80F 05/19 10:18
推 sars7125889: 阿不就你在糾結 不然誰會在意這個啦
除罪也好啦 不然一堆都易科罰金 又不會關 有用喔81F 05/19 10:18
推 monkboy: 台灣就是立法怠惰、立法院已經空轉很久了、垃圾太多83F 05/19 10:18
推 artpoet: 超級多人聽到除罪化就反對阿,以為從此外遇都沒法管了84F 05/19 10:18
推 arue: 一群白癡在說經濟學人野雞 XD86F 05/19 10:19
推 dick929: 回歸民法不會因為通姦會被「罰錢」,而是以侵害配偶權而87F 05/19 10:19
→ artpoet: 不說別的,用除罪化這名詞,想要推行就夠DPP掉很多票了91F 05/19 10:19
推 menshuei: 之前同婚除罪化DPP不是過得好好得?92F 05/19 10:20
→ Aidrux …
推 Aidrux: 掉票掉到817萬票?發言前再想3分鐘95F 05/19 10:21
推 dick929: 維持穩定的婚姻是夫妻之間的功課,不應該以刑事責任來維繫婚姻96F 05/19 10:22
推 menshuei: 我倒是認為「重婚罪」可以拿掉,什麼落後的規定想都想不透。99F 05/19 10:24
推 asidy: 支持啊,這種可只告單邊乾脆不要立這個法389F 05/19 22:43
推 aa384756: 除罪可以 但是民事的罰責有像美國一樣 財產吃大頭嗎393F 05/20 08:23
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推 asidy: 支持啊,這種可只告單邊乾脆不要立這個法389F 05/19 22:43 推 aa384756: 除罪可以 但是民事的罰責有像美國一樣 財產吃大頭嗎393F 05/20 08:23 --