---

via

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09593330309385599
Pyrolysis of composite plastic waste - Environmental Technology - Volume 24, Issue 5

The composites studied were polyester, phenolic, epoxy, vinylester, polypropylene and PET resins, reinforced with glass and/or carbon fibre.

Several different composite plastics were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor at final temperatures between 350 and 800° C.

The composites studied were polyester, phenolic, epoxy, vinylester, polypropylene and PET resins, reinforced with glass and/or carbon fibre.

The product yields of oil, gas and solid residue were determined together with a detailed composition of the derived gases.


There was no noticeable correlation between the composition of these products and the final pyrolysis temperature.

The tensile strength of recovered glass fibre was lower than that of virgin fibre and decreased markedly as the final pyrolysis temperature increased from 650 to 800° C
#混合塑膠廢棄物 #炭氣化 Char Gasification #採玻璃或碳纖維強化

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef9802431
Conversion of Waste Plastic to Oil:  Direct Liquefaction versus Pyrolysis and Hydroprocessing
透過裂解直接液化
#PCP post consumer plastic #催化劑 #APC #445-450-600度

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382007002809
Pyrolysis of synthetic polymers and plastic wastes. Kinetic study
PS LDPE ABS PP Polyenterophthalate of ethylene

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X09004620
Pyrolysis of municipal plastic wastes: Influence of raw material composition
#MSW #MPW #熱值GPV #500度 #氮氣 #一氧化碳 #二氧化碳
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X11002637
Pyrolysis of municipal plastic wastes II: Influence of raw material composition under catalytic conditions
#催化劑 #ZSM-5
[西班牙]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237006001926
Pyrolysis of municipal plastic wastes separated by difference of specific gravity

For main liquid products, the case of

low MPW was olefin components (>75%),

medium MPW was aromatic components (>95%) and

high MPW was methylmethacrylate (>55%), then

aromatic (>20%) and phenol components (>15%).

It is concluded that the different characteristics of liquid products of each MPW stem from different chemical nature and structure of plastic types contained in MPWs.

#MSW #MPW #按比重分類 #PONA

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009250999005333
Defluidization phenomena during the pyrolysis of two plastic wastes
#兩種塑膠 #PET #PE #agglomeration #結塊 #石英砂流體化床 #堵塞
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003259100100359X
The phenomenology of bed defluidization during the pyrolysis of a food-packaging plastic waste
PP食物包裝
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391004001788
Bed defluidisation during the fluidised bed pyrolysis of plastic waste mixtures
[義大利]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0141391096000870
Thermal degradation of mixed plastic waste to aromatics and gas [德國漢堡]


The most important target products were benzene, toluene, xylenes and styrene with a total yield of 31.4% by weight (referring to the total organic input).

Additionally, pyrolysis gas with a high calorific value of 50 MJ/kg was obtained.

Problematic pollutants, such as chloro-organic compounds and heavy metals, were absent or immobilized during the pyrolysis reaction in a matrix of carbon black.

有害汙染物，如有機氯化物與重金屬已被抑制。
#熱值 #碳黑

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237099000121
Pyrolysis of mixed plastics into aromatics [德國漢堡]

Four experiments were carried out in a fluidized bed reactor at different temperatures between 685 and 738° C and feed rates between 400 and 900 g h−1.

The most important oil products were benzene, toluene, xylenes and styrene with a total yield of 30–40% by weight.

The results are compared to those of a technical scale reactor with a longer residence time.

It was shown that the concentration of chloro-organic compounds in the oil decreases at longer residence times.
#芳香

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391004001776
Feedstock recycling of polymers by pyrolysis in a fluidised bed [德國漢堡]
#PMMA

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382009001106
Fuels by pyrolysis of waste plastics from agricultural and packaging sectors in a pilot scale reactor [匈牙利]

Waste plastics were decomposed in a tube reactor at 520 ° C, using hourly feed rate of 9.0 kg.

Raw materials were selectively collected wastes from agricultural and packaging industry.

Products were separated into gases, gasoline, light and heavy oil by distillation.

Plastic wastes could be converted into gasoline and light oil with yields of 20–48% and 17–36% depending on the used parameters.

The gas and liquid products had significant content of unsaturated hydrocarbons, principally olefins.

In the presence of ZSM-5 catalyst the yields of lighter fractions (especially gasoline) could be considerably increased and the average molecular weight of each fraction has decreased.

Gasoline had C5–C15 hydrocarbons, while light oil had C12–C28.

Gasoline, light oil and heavy oil were nitrogen free and sulphur content was below 12 mg/kg in hydrocarbons obtained by the pyrolysis of polypropylene waste from packaging.

#農業與包裝廢塑膠裂解燃料
#試驗工廠/示範工廠級規模
#化學肥料/化肥 N氮 S硫 P磷 Ca鈣
#化學回收 Chemical Recycling
#ZSM-5催化劑 #重油、汽油 #蒸餾
#汽油組成
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237006001938
Petrochemical feedstock by thermal cracking of plastic waste
The thermal cracking is one of the possible ways to obtain petrochemical feedstock from polymer wastes.


Temperature of 510–520 ° C and residence time of 15–30 min were used.
#管型爐

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037838200900006X
Pyrolysis of mixed plastics for the recovery of useful products [沙烏地阿拉伯]

Three reactions of each plastic with PS were conducted in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3.

In all coprocessing reactions, ratio 1:1 afforded the best yields in the form pyrolytic oils.

SIM distillation of hexane soluble portion showed that the low boiling fractions were not found and fractions were obtained only after 96 ° C + boiling point.

It could be due to the vaporization of high volatile components.

In most of the binary pyrolysis, light cycle oil (LCO) fractions have low recovery than heavy cycle oil (HCO).

#PS #HDPE #LDPE #PP #PET #微型鋼製爐 #氮氣 #一小時 #比例配置

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894711008643
Influence of time and temperature on pyrolysis of plastic wastes in a semi-batch reactor [西班牙]
#時間與溫度的影響

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389410001706
Low temperature conversion of plastic waste into light hydrocarbons [巴基斯坦]

The average yield of the pyrolytic oil, wax, pyrogas and char from pyrolysis of PW were 48.6, 40.7, 10.1 and 0.6%, respectively, at 275 ° C with non-catalytic process.

Using catalyst the average yields of pyrolytic oil, pyrogas, wax and residue (char) of 50 g of PW was 47.98, 35.43, 16.09 and 0.50%, respectively, at operating temperature of 250 ° C.

The designed reactor could work at low temperature in the absence of a catalyst to obtain similar products as for a catalytic process.
#低溫轉換 #PW #無催化劑

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef049696y
Conversion of Waste Plastic to Lubricating Base Oil - Energy & Fuels (ACS Publications)

PE PET
#潤滑油

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360128509000446
The valorization of plastic solid waste (PSW) by primary to quaternary routes: From re-use to energy and chemicals [UK]
#再利用 #直接燃燒 Direct Combustion

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/0470021543.ch11/summary
PS
#蠟

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie970096e
Transformation of Several Plastic Wastes into Fuels by Catalytic Cracking


PP PS PSPB
#裂化反應 #溶解

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adv.1995.060140407/abstract
Chemical recycling of mixed plastics of pyrolysis - Kaminsky - 2003 - Advances in Polymer Technology - Wiley Online Library

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/masy.19910480127/abstract
Systems for the pyrolysis of plastic waste with complete exclusion of oxygen use melting vessels, rotary kilns or fluidized bed processes.
#旋轉爐 #排除氧氣

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037838200200187X
Experimental investigations on reactor scale-up and optimisation of product quality in pyrolysis of shredder waste [德國]
#最適化 #擴大

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10973-008-9315-5
Recycling of polymers by pyrolysis [德國]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030438940900082X
Conversion of hazardous plastic wastes into useful chemical products [沙烏地阿拉伯]
LDPE HDPE PP PET PS

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236102001977
Determination of paraffin and aromatic hydrocarbon type chemicals in liquid distillates produced from the pyrolysis process of waste plastics by isotope-dilution mass spectrometry
#稀釋

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/0470021543.ch3/summary
Catalytic Upgrading of Plastic Wastes

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382096010806
Thermal and catalytic degradation of high density polyethylene and commingled post-consumer plastic waste
#HDPE

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1226086X13000270
Co-pyrolysis of petroleum based waste HDPE, poly-lactic-acid biopolymer and organic waste [匈牙利]
#HDPE #PLA

----

http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jchem/2013/487676/
Predicting Pyrolysis Products of PE, PP, and PET Using NRTL Activity Coefficient Model

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21850826
Polymeric cracking of waste polyethylene terephthalate to chemicals and energy. - PubMed - NCBI

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie010202j
Microwave-Induced Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (ACS Publications)
#微波
#laminate

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0255270101001441


--------
氫氣製造
--------

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389409000740
Sustainable valorization of plastic wastes for energy with environmental safety via High-Temperature Pyrolysis (HTP) and High-Temperature Steam Gasification (HTSG) [希臘] [瑞典]
#高溫裂解 #高溫蒸汽氣化 #氫氣產生

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036031990901814X
Pyrolysis–gasification of post-consumer municipal solid plastic waste for hydrogen production [UK]
#MSW #氫氣 #催化劑 #700度 #Ni–Mg–Al #氣化Gasification

http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijcre.2007.5.1/ijcre.2007.5.1.1504/ijcre.2007.5.1.1504.xml
A Comparison of Gasification with Pyrolysis for the Recycling of Plastic Containing Wastes : International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering [UK]
#MPW #MSW #氣化Gasification #氫氣

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef050354h
Production of Hydrogen from Plastics by Pyrolysis and Catalytic Steam Reform - Energy & Fuels (ACS Publications)

Thermal decomposition of the most common plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene produces a mixture of many different hydrocarbons that can be used as a feedstock for producing hydrogen.

#PE PP
#蒸氣改造 #氫氣 #微型反應爐 #beam mass spectrometer

http://sciencedomain.org/download/MTExMUBAcGY
[PDF] Pyrolysis of Household Plastic Wastes
#原始單體 #Hydrogeneration

--------
純PE
--------

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391002000526
Fluidized bed pyrolysis of a recycled polyethylene [義大利]


#流體化床裂解減少維修時間與成本

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237099000327
Gas product distribution from polyethylene pyrolysis [義大利]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237001001395
Catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene [UK]
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/er.949/abstract
Hydrocarbon gases and oils from the recycling of polystyrene waste by catalytic pyrolysis - Williams - 2003 - International Journal of Energy Research - Wiley Online Library [UK]
#催化劑 #Zeolite #ZSM-5

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001623619400018M
Devolatilization and pyrolysis of refuse derived fuels: characterization and kinetic modelling by a thermogravimetric and calorimetric approach [義大利]
#RDF廢棄物燃料 #去除揮發性物質

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef00053a002
Conversion of Polyethylene to Transportation Fuels through Pyrolysis and Catalytic Cracking - Energy & Fuels (ACS Publications) [加拿大] [日本]
#運輸油 #Tubing Bomb Reactor

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie970381y
Characterization of Coke Formed in the Pyrolysis of Polyethylene - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (ACS Publications) [義大利]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236101000679
#LDPE #HDPE

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef960098w
Comparison between the Pyrolysis of Two Types of Polyethylenes in a Fluidized Bed Reactor - Energy & Fuels (ACS Publications)


http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237004000658
Analytical representations of experimental polyethylene pyrolysis yields [伊朗]

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef070115p
Kinetic Evaluation of the Pyrolysis of Polyethylene Waste - Energy & Fuels (ACS Publications) [葡萄牙]

=HDPE=

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237006001537
Catalytic pyrolysis of high density polyethylene in a conical spouted bed reactor
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237008001563
Catalytic pyrolysis of HDPE in continuous mode over zeolite catalysts in a conical spouted bed reactor
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926860X11007150
Effect of the acidity of the HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst on the cracking of high density polyethylene in a conical spouted bed reactor
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001623611300210X
Syngas from steam gasification of polyethylene in a conical spouted bed reactor
#氫氣與二氧化碳比
#催化劑
#錐形流體化床 #噴發式
[西班牙]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237002001869
Investigation of catalytic degradation of high-density polyethylene by hydrocarbon group type analysis
#HDPE

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237001001371
Pyrolysis of high-density polyethylene in a fluidised bed reactor. Influence of the temperature and residence time

The H2, CH4, N2 and C2Hx to C5Hx compounds on the gas produced were analysed by gas chromatography, using a packed column and a molecular sieve.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894712008261
Light olefins from HDPE cracking in a two-step thermal and catalytic process
HDPE
#兩段式

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0104-66322011000400011&script=sci_arttext
Recovery of hydrocarbon liquid from waste high density polyethylene by thermal pyrolysis

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263876210001152
Kinetic study of high density polyethylene (HDPE) pyrolysis [UK]

=LDPE=

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016523709900011X
Fluidised bed pyrolysis of low density polyethylene to produce petrochemical feedstock [UK]




The derived oil and wax have great potential to be recycled back into the petrochemicals industry as a feedstock for the production of new plastics or the production of refined fuels.

LDPE
#MSW #Feedstock recycling #芳香烴 #脂類

http://www3.aiche.org/proceedings/Abstract.aspx?PaperID=310646
Effect of the Pore Structure of Zeolite On Pyrolytic Behavior of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
#微孔結構 #催化劑 #Porous #多孔

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237000001625
Catalyst addition in polyethylene pyrolysis: Thermogravimetric study [西班牙]
LDPE

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000925099600156X
Ultrapyrolytic cracking of polyethylene — a high yield recycling method

The key operating factors considered were temperature and reaction time, with the reaction systems operated under isothermal conditions.

In the micro-reactor experiments, LDPE was pyrolyzed at temperatures of 800° C and 900° C, with total reaction times ranging from 350 to 2500 milliseconds.

Experiments completed with the pilot plant also produced excellent results with light olefin production reaching 75 wt% at 800° C.

LDPE

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02699313
Characteristics of LDPE pyrolysis – Springer
LDPE

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016523709300789P
Thermolysis of low density polyethylene catalysed by zeolites [UK]
LDPE

--------
純PS
--------

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894702001195
Kinetics of polystyrene pyrolysis in a conical spouted bed reactor
A high yield of styrene is obtained (64.5 wt.%) in the 723–773 K range.
#錐形流體化床 #噴發式
[西班牙]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237000001595
Thermal degradation of polystyrene [義大利]
#熱降解

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00908310290086590
Pyrolysis of Polystyrene Plastic Wastes with Some Organic Compounds for Enhancing Styrene Yield [土耳其]

The main products of PS waste pyrolysis were mainly styrene monomer, ethyl benzene, toluene, and methyl styrene.
#分解為單體

http://ser.cienve.org.tw/download/2-2/J. Chin. Inst. Environ. Eng., 2(2), 125-133 (1992).pdf
Pyrolysis Kinetics of Polystyrene [台大環工]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237000001698
Flash pyrolysis of polystyrene wastes in a free-fall reactor under vacuum [土耳其]
#自由落體爐

--------
純PP
--------

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019689040600286X
Air gasification of polypropylene plastic waste in fluidized bed gasifier

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie020469y
Pyrolysis of Polypropylene in a Nitrogen Plasma Reactor - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (ACS Publications)
#氮氣電漿爐

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237003000366
Kinetic study of polypropylene pyrolysis using ZSM-5 and an equilibrium fluid catalytic cracking catalyst [西班牙]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894713013326
Simulation of an innovative reactor for waste plastics pyrolysis

--------
PE+PS
--------

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236199001179
Co-processing of single plastic waste streams in low temperature carbonization [蘇格蘭格拉斯哥]
#Gascoigne Wood (UK high volatile bituminous coal)

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734242X83710542
Reaction Kinetic Model For Optimal Pyrolysis Of Plastic Waste Mixtures


Among the five models, the type II model in which the activated polymer exists as an intermediate product is the most accurate in predicting the pyrolysis products of pure PE or pure PS.

The pyrolysis reaction time for the maximum oil production from PE-PS mixtures is shorter than for PE alone and approaches that of PS alone.

Oil production increases with increase of PS content.

PE PS 最佳化比例 PS增加，油就增加

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237009001119
Composition of products from the pyrolysis of polyethylene and polystyrene in a closed batch reactor: Effects of temperature and residence time [UK]

The compositions of the pyrolysis products of pure low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polystyrene (PS) and their mixtures have been investigated over a temperature range from 300 to 500 ° C.

LDPE was thermally degraded to oil at 425 ° C however, beyond this temperature the proportion of oil product decreased as a result of its conversion to char and hydrocarbon gas.

On the other hand, PS degraded at around 350 ° C, mainly into a viscous dark-coloured oil.

The formation of char only increased marginally until 425 ° C, but was dramatically enhanced at 450 and 500 ° C, reaching up to 30 wt.%.

The oil product from PS even at 350 ° C consisted almost entirely of aromatic compounds especially toluene, ethylbenzene and styrene.

Under increasing temperatures and residence times, the oil product from PS was preferentially converted to char, while gas formation was preferred for the oil from LDPE.

For instance at 500 ° C, PS produced about twice the amount of char obtained from LDPE indicating the role of aromatic compounds in char formation via condensation of the aromatic ring structure.


The mixture produced more oil and less char than the individual plastics at 450 ° C.
#LDPE PS
#高溫 低溫 時程設定 #變數 #aliphatic/脂肪族 #炭形成溫度 #兩倍炭產量 #蠟

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/092134499190013E
Characterization of aromatic hydrocarbon formation from pyrolysis of polyethylene-polystyrene mixtures
#PE PS
#芳香烴

--------
PP+PE
--------

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389407009478
Chemical recycling of plastic wastes made from polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) [希臘]

http://www.researchgate.net/profile/...s/54f0b8ce0cf2f9e34efd19a7.pdf
Recycling techniques of polyolefins from plastic wastes [希臘]
LDPE HDPE PP

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef020043w
Wax Formation in the Pyrolysis of Polyolefins in a Conical Spouted Bed Reactor


The activation energy of wax formation is similar for both polyethylenes (214 kJ mol-1 for that of low density and 225 kJ mol-1 for that of high density) and lower for polypropylene (176 kJ mol-1).


Wax composition determined by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry indicates that it is a less branched and that its olefinic content is higher than that of commercial waxes.
polyolefins = HDPE LDPE PP
#新品種裂解爐：錐形流體化床 #噴發式 #蠟 #熱值
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016523701100235X
Characterization of the waxes obtained by the pyrolysis of polyolefin plastics in a conical spouted bed reactor
[西班牙]

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12649-011-9067-5
Waste Polyolefins to Liquid Fuels via Pyrolysis: Review of Commercial State-of-the-Art and Recent Laboratory Research [愛爾蘭]

waste polyolefins (polyethylenes and polypropylenes)

Current plastic waste generation and management practices are briefly summarised.

Waste management infrastructure in Europe is reliant on landfill, incineration and mechanical recycling, while feedstock recycling plays an insignificant role.

Plastic-to-liquid platforms including delocalised pyrolysis followed by centralised upgrading, stand alone facilities, and integrated waste management infrastructure concepts are briefly discussed.
#歐洲垃圾處理設施 #升級 #平台

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie0201260
Kinetic Study of Polyolefin Pyrolysis in a Conical Spouted Bed Reactor


#錐形流體化床 #噴發式 #微型爐 Microreactor
[西班牙]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890409005238
Thermal degradation behaviors of polyethylene and polypropylene. Part I: Pyrolysis kinetics and mechanisms [摩洛哥]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X11004685
Pyrolysis of polyolefins for increasing the yield of monomers’ recovery [瑞典] [德國漢堡]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236101001302
Classification of volatile products evolved during temperature-programmed co-pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) with polypropylene (PP) [土耳其]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014139100500282X
An innovative process for mass production of multi-wall carbon nanotubes by means of low-cost pyrolysis of polyolefins
#奈米管製作 #低成本 [奈米管]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382003001103
Valorization by thermal cracking over silica of polyolefins dissolved in LCO [西班牙]
#矽

--------
PE PS PP
--------

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237004000294
Pyrolysis of municipal plastic wastes for recovery of gasoline-range hydrocarbons
More valuable chemical raw materials including benzene, toluene and other condensed aromatic hydrocarbons may be obtained by refining the pyrolytic oil.

The results showed that waste PS yielded higher liquid, and waste PE and PP yielded higher gaseous products. The dominant pyrolytic liquid product of PS waste was styrene.

市鎮廢棄物
MSW
PS PP PE 無催化劑

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236110002577
Pyrolysis–gasification of plastics, mixed plastics and real-world plastic waste with and without Ni–Mg–Al catalyst [UK]


In addition, the largest oil product was observed for the non-catalytic pyrolysis–gasification of polystyrene.



Filamentous carbons were observed for the used Ni–Mg–Al catalysts from the pyrolysis–gasification of polypropylene, high density polyethylene, waste plastic and mixed plastics.

However, the formation of filamentous carbons on the coked catalyst from the pyrolysis–gasification of polystyrene was low.

#模擬廢棄物與真實MSW
#PP PS HDPE
#催化劑 #絲狀炭 #氣化Gasification

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237099000078
Pyrolysis of plastic wastes. 1. Effect of plastic waste composition on product yield


End product yields and properties depend on the plastic waste composition.

The presence of PE (polyethylene) increased alkane content, whilst PS (polystyrene) led to higher aromatic content in the end product.

The presence of PP (polypropylene) favoured alkene formation.

Therefore, both PS and PP increased the octane number of end product. Therefore, the desired end product can be obtained by adequate blending of plastic wastes.

#PE PP PS
#MSW #適度混合後送裂解，可得高經濟價值產物

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X0600016X
Characteristics of liquid product from the pyrolysis of waste plastic mixture at low and high temperatures: Influence of lapse time of reaction

#HDPE LDPE PP PS
#高溫 低溫 時程設定 #變數 #PONA

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016523709900008X
Pyrolysis of plastic wastes: 2. Effect of catalyst on product yield [葡萄牙]

#PE PS PP
#用催化劑可控制產物 #比例

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344900000525
Recyling of plastic wastes via pyrolysis


#PE PP PS

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/009083190519500
Recovery of Chemicals and Gasoline-Range Fuels from Plastic Wastes via Pyrolysis - Energy Sources - Volume 27, Issue 14 [土耳其]

Pyrolysis appears to be a technique that is able to reduce a bulky, high polluting industrial waste while producing energy and/or valuable chemical compounds.

The total yields of paraffins and olefins of PE and PP wastes obtained by pyrolysis were higher than that of PS.


The yields of olefins decrease from 41.3 to 32.4 with increasing pyrolysis temperature from 625 to 875 K.

The yields of naphthalenes increase from 19.5 to 22.7% with increasing pyrolysis temperature from 625 to 875 K.

The yields of aromatics increase from 3.2 to 11.5% with increasing pyrolysis temperature from 625 to 875.
PS PE PP
#汽油類燃料
#裂解技術能減少高汙染工業廢棄物

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389407001689
Product distribution modelling in the thermal pyrolysis of high density polyethylene
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237008001496
Influence of FCC catalyst steaming on HDPE pyrolysis product distribution
#HDPE
[西班牙]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X0300165X
Pyrolysis of virgin and waste polypropylene and its mixtures with waste polyethylene and polystyrene [蘇格蘭格拉斯哥] [土耳其]

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef101010n?journalCode=enfuem
Study of the Pyrolysis Kinetics of a Mixture of Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polystyrene - Energy & Fuels (ACS Publications) [葡萄牙]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236110001857
Thermochemical conversion of polymer wastes into hydrocarbon fuels over various fluidizing cracking catalysts [台灣北醫]
LDPE HDPE PP PS
#ZSM-5

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391006003272
Controlled pyrolysis of polyethylene/polypropylene/polystyrene mixed plastics with high impact polystyrene containing flame retardant: Effect of decabromo diphenylethane (DDE)

--------
混有PVC
--------

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef00022a013
Fast pyrolysis of plastic wastes - Energy & Fuels (ACS Publications)
催化劑、溫度、粒子大小都會影響產物
PS PVC PE
#MSW有70%都是塑膠
#運輸用燃料

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0956053X9390046Y
On the thermal treatment of plastic mixtures of MSW: Pyrolysis kinetics by 台大環工、化工
HDPE LDPE PP PS ABS PVC
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0923046794870101
Pyrolysis kinetics of waste PVC at high conversion

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237009001624
Acid-catalyzed conversion of chlorinated plastic waste into valuable hydrocarbons over post-use commercial FCC catalysts [台灣高雄]
HDPE/LDPE/PP/PVC

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jcej/34/10/34_10_1293/_article
Flash-Pyrolyzed Product Distribution of Major Plastics in a Batch Reactor

In most cases, solid residue (in the reactor) yield was less than 3%. Gas yield was 1 to 30%. Condensate yield was 10 to 90%.

These results show that in the first reactor of the proposed process most of the fed plastics can be pyrolyzed into gas and vapor, which will move to the second reactor as a fluid.

#立式爐？ #兩段式 #噴出床（流體化床）
#PE PP PS PET PVC
#塑膠片 Plastic chips #Flash Pyrolysis

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391001000489
Vacuum pyrolysis of commingled plastics containing PVC I. Kinetic study
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391001000660
Vacuum pyrolysis of commingled plastics containing PVC II. Product analysis

A PVC sample and a commingled plastic sample composed of HDPE/LDPE/PP/PS/PVC have been pyrolyzed in two consecutive steps at 360 and 520° C in order to separately trap HCl.

The main gaseous and liquid products, including the chlorinated hydrocarbons, were identified by chromatography.



However, the hydrocarbons produced in the oil fraction were similar to those identified during the pyrolysis of the single plastics.

#HDPE LDPE PP PS PVC
#bench scale batch reactor

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1...deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=
Recycling polymeric wastes by means of pyrolysis [西班牙]
LDPE PP PS PET PVC

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016523709700048X
Analysis of products derived from the fast pyrolysis of plastic waste
Elizabeth A. Williams, Paul T. Williams [UK]
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1...ID-JCTB700>3.0.CO;2-E/abstract
Elizabeth A. Williams andPaul T. Williams
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092134490700002X
http://www.researchgate.net/publicat...ics_and_waste_plastic_mixtures
Paul T. Williams, , Edward Slaney
Analysis of products from the pyrolysis and liquefaction of single plastics and waste plastic mixtures


The plastics were reacted under both a nitrogen (pyrolysis) and hydrogen pressure (liquefaction) and the yield and composition of products are reported.

The hydrocarbon gases produced were mainly methane, ethane, propane and lower concentrations of alkene gases.

A mainly oil product was produced with the mixed plastic waste with significant concentrations of aromatic compounds, including single ring aromatic compounds.


單一塑膠與混合塑膠裂解和液化產物之分析
#PE PP PS PET PVC #氮氣、氫氣加壓？ #產物構成組成分析

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef980163x
Interaction of Plastics in Mixed-Plastics Pyrolysis - Energy & Fuels (ACS Publications)

The pyrolysis of mixed-plastic waste has been proposed as a means of recycling to produce petrochemical feedstock.

The interaction of the main plastic types in plastic mixtures is significant in predicting the likely yield and composition of products from different plastic mixtures.


Each of the plastics was pyrolyzed individually in a fixed-bed reactor heated at 25 ° C min-1 to a final temperature of 700 ° C.

Polystyrene was then mixed with each of the other five plastics in a ratio of 1:1 and pyrolyzed in the fixed-bed reactor under the same pyrolysis conditions.





HDPE LDPE PP PS PVC PET
#蠟 aliphatic/脂肪族

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237098000667
Stepwise pyrolysis for raw material recovery from plastic waste
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009250998003856
[德國] Environmental engineering: Stepwise pyrolysis of plastic waste
PS PE PVC
#hydrogen transfer

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2002/gc/b203745a#!divAbstract
Novel calcium based sorbent (Ca-C) for the dehalogenation (Br, Cl) process during halogenated mixed plastic (PP/PE/PS/PVC and HIPS-Br) pyrolysis

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016523709400830T
Olefins from polyolefins and mixed plastics by pyrolysis
#PVC
#烯烴類

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef8011245?journalCode=enfuem
Pyrolysis of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)-Containing Mixed Plastic Wastes for Recovery of Hydrocarbons - Energy & Fuels (ACS Publications) [匈牙利]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237012001234
Study on pyrolysis characteristics of refuse plastic fuel using lab-scale tube furnace and thermogravimetric analysis reactor

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X11002819
Pyrolysis of plastic packaging waste: A comparison of plastic residuals from material recovery facilities with simulated plastic waste [西班牙]

Despite the fact that the samples had a similar volume of material, there were noteworthy differences in the pyrolysis yields.

The real waste sample resulted, after pyrolysis, in higher gas and solid yields and consequently produced less liquid.

There were also significant differences noted in the compositions of the compared pyrolysis products.

PE PP PS PVC PET ABS 利樂包 薄膜(Film)
#紅泥，鋁工業副產物 #食物包裝 #模擬廢棄物與真實MSW
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237012000538
Catalytic stepwise pyrolysis of packaging plastic waste
PE PP PS PVC PET

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926860X00006566
Catalytic dechlorination of chloroorganic compounds from PVC-containing mixed plastic-derived oil
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef020091g
Liquefaction of Mixed Plastics Containing PVC and Dechlorination by Calcium-Based Sorbent - Energy & Fuels (ACS Publications)
#液化 #含鈣
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236102001096
Dehydrohalogenation during pyrolysis of brominated flame retardant containing high impact polystyrene (HIPS-Br) mixed with polyvinylchloride (PVC)
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10163-003-0092-8#page-1
Development of a catalytic dehalogenation (Cl, Br) process for municipal waste plastic-derived oil - Springer
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237004000087
Pyrolysis studies of PP/PE/PS/PVC/HIPS-Br plastics mixed with PET and dehalogenation (Br, Cl) of the liquid products
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2002/gc/b206487a#!divAbstract
Thermal degradation of ABS-Br mixed with PP and catalytic debromination by iron oxide carbon composite catalyst (Fe–C) - Green Chemistry (RSC Publishing)
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391004000382
Thermal degradation of PE and PS mixed with ABS-Br and debromination of pyrolysis oil by Fe- and Ca-based catalysts
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237007001453
Effect of poly(ethylene terephthalate) on the pyrolysis of brominated flame retardant containing high impact polystyrene and catalytic debromination of the liquid products
#溴化物
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391004002605
Removal of nitrogen, bromine, and chlorine from PP/PE/PS/PVC/ABS–Br pyrolysis liquid products using Fe- and Ca-based catalysts
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004565350600155X
Alkaline hydrothermal treatment of brominated high impact polystyrene (HIPS-Br) for bromine and bromine-free plastic recovery
#除氮 #除溴 #含鈣
#去氯
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391005000327
Analysis of chlorine distribution in the pyrolysis products of poly(vinylidene chloride) mixed with polyethylene, polypropylene or polystyrene
#氯分布
[日本] [匈牙利] [澳洲]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382010000883
Hydrocarbon fuels produced by catalytic pyrolysis of hospital plastic wastes in a fluidizing cracking process

PE PP PS PVC
#醫院廢棄物 #醫療廢棄物 #裂化反應 #碳氫燃料 #催化劑

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237003000275
Comparison of thermal degradation products from real municipal waste plastic and model mixed plastics [日本]
PE/PP/PS/PVC

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X13005722
TG/FTIR analysis on co-pyrolysis behavior of PE, PVC and PS

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef0101053
Study of the Low Temperature Pyrolysis of PVC - Energy & Fuels (ACS Publications)

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00102209408951877
Investigation of the Kinetics of Pyrolysis of PVC by TG-MS-Analysis - Combustion Science and Technology - Volume 101, Issue 1-6

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1006126607600807
Thermogravimetric-Mass Spectrometric Study of the Pyrolysis Behavior of PVC

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es402488b
Processing Real-World Waste Plastics by Pyrolysis-Reforming for Hydrogen and High-Value Carbon Nanotubes - Environmental Science & Technology (ACS Publications) [UK] [匈牙利] [澳洲]
#炭奈米管 #MOC #CNT #氫氣製作

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00039896.1969.10666799
Toxicity of Pyrolysis Products of Vinyl Plastics - Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal - Volume 19, Issue 1
#毒性

http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZGDC201023011.htm
Copyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetic Analysis of Typical Constituents of Plastic Wastes

http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-RLHX200104023.htm
Study on Kinetics of Pyrolysis of PVC

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237097000429
Pyrolysis of a fraction of mixed plastic wastes depleted in PVC
#PVC #BTX

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef901127v?journalCode=enfuem
#去氯 #BTX

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263876298716594
Techno-Economic Evaluation of High Temperature Pyrolysis Processes for Mixed Plastic Waste [荷蘭]
The chlorine from PVC was removed in this process using low temperature pyrolysis converting 98% of the chlorine into HC1 gas.


Removal of the last 2 w% of chlorine using NH3 or NaHCO3 is probably preferable.

The use of a dedicated product separation section should only be considered, if this is required for non technical/economic or geographical reasons.
#去氯化氫

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237098001247
Dehydrochlorination of plastic mixtures [德國]
#去氯化氫 #Electronic scrap #電子廢棄物 #eWaste

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382010001463
Dechlorination of fuels in pyrolysis of PVC containing plastic wastes [西班牙]
#去氯 #CaCO3 #碳酸鈣 #鹽酸

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237005001440
Fixation of chlorine evolved in pyrolysis of PVC waste by Estonian oil shales [愛沙尼亞]
#去氯 #油頁岩 #愛沙尼亞

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X12003492
Pyrolysis and dehalogenation of plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE): A review
#去氯 #電子廢棄物 #廢家電 #WEEE #eWaste

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2006/gc/b603037h#!divAbstract
Prevention of chlorinated hydrocarbons formation during pyrolysis of PVC or PVDC mixed plastics - Green Chemistry (RSC Publishing)
#避免氯化物形成

#除氯

--------
混合原料
--------

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382006000907
Thermogravimetric characteristics and kinetic of plastic and biomass blends co-pyrolysis
#生物質

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11814-008-0171-6
Thermogravimetric characteristics and kinetic study of biomass co-pyrolysis with plastics - Springer
#生物質

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10098-008-0176-1
Study of the co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes - Springer
#生物質

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890413003488
Thermal and kinetic behaviors of biomass and plastic wastes in co-pyrolysis
#生物質

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/sc400354g
H-ZSM5 Catalyzed Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass and Plastics - ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (ACS Publications)
#生物質

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360319914012798
Hydrogen production from biomass and plastic mixtures by pyrolysis-gasification [UK] [西班牙] [日本]
#生物質 #氫氣製造

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037838200500189X
Plastic waste elimination by co-gasification with coal and biomass in fluidized bed with air in pilot plant [西班牙]
#煤炭 #生物質 #Pilot Plant #氣化Gasification

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236110000372
Co-pyrolysis of pine cone with synthetic polymers
#松樹 #松果

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016523700100167X
Co-pyrolysis of wood biomass and synthetic polymer mixtures. Part I: influence of experimental conditions on the evolution of solids, liquids and gases
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237001001796
Copyrolysis of wood biomass and synthetic polymers mixtures. Part II: characterisation of the liquid phases
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237002000712
Co-pyrolysis of wood biomass and synthetic polymers mixtures. Part III: Characterisation of heavy products
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016523700500197X
Co-pyrolysis of wood biomass and synthetic polymers mixtures: Part IV: Catalytic pyrolysis of pine wood and polyolefinic polymers mixtures in hydrogen atmosphere
#木質

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016523709700020X
Linear pyrolysis of cellulosic and plastic waste
#木質素

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019689040500138X
Influence of polystyrene addition to cellulose on chemical structure and properties of bio-oil obtained during pyrolysis [波蘭]
#木質素

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001623610900012X
Wood/plastic copyrolysis in an auger reactor: Chemical and physical analysis of the products
#螺旋鑽，木螺鑽；地螺鑽
#木頭 #木材 #慢共裂解

http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/hfsg.2011.65.issue-2/hf.2011.024/hf.2011.024.xml
Quantification of polypropylene (PP) in wood plastic composites (WPCs) by analytical pyrolysis (Py) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) : Holzforschung
#木材 #塑膠與木頭合成物

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261910002606
Characteristics of syngas from co-gasification of polyethylene and woodchips
#木材片

http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SXHG200901019.htm
Investigation of the performance of straw/waste plastic pyrolysis
#稻草

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382009000216
Pyrolysis kinetics of olive residue/plastic mixtures by non-isothermal thermogravimetry
http://www.akademiai.com/doi/abs/10.1007/s10973-007-8661-z
Thermogravimetric characteristics and kinetic of co-pyrolysis of olive residue with high density polyethylene: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry: Vol 91, No 3
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10973-008-9315-5
Co-pyrolysis of olive residue with poly(vinyl chloride) using thermogravimetric analysis – Springer
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890408002495
Non-isothermal kinetic studies on co-processing of olive residue and polypropylene
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1872581309600037
http://www.researchgate.net/publicat...t_I_Thermogravimetric_kinetics
Pyrolysis of olive residue/low density polyethylene mixture: Part I Thermogravimetric kinetics
#橄欖渣
http://www.akademiai.com/doi/abs/10.1007/s10973-007-7398-z
Pyrolysis kinetics of polypropylene: Pyrolysis kinetics of polypropylene: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry: Vol 89, No 1
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382008000647
Investigation on pyrolysis of Moroccan oil shale/plastic mixtures by thermogravimetric analysis
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10973-009-0064-x#/page-1
Study on the pyrolysis of Moroccan oil shale with poly (ethylene terephthalate) – Springer
#油頁岩
[摩洛哥]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236198000660
Classification of volatile products evolved during temperature-programmed co-pyrolysis of Turkish oil shales with low density polyethylene [德國] [土耳其]
LDPE
#油頁岩 #土耳其

Co-pyrolysis of Estonian shales with low-density polyethylene [愛沙尼亞]
LDPE
#油頁岩 #愛沙尼亞

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236110003157
Study of kinetics of co-pyrolysis of coal and waste LDPE blends under argon atmosphere [西班牙]
#煤炭 #氬

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237005000239
Effects of plastic wastes on coal pyrolysis behaviour and the structure of semicokes
#煤炭

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382007001361
Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetics of coal/plastic blends during co-pyrolysis in nitrogen atmosphere
 hydrogen transfer from plastic to coal.
#氮氣
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890408004226
Co-pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of coal and plastic blends
#煤炭

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967301007361
Gas chromatographic study of the volatile products from co-pyrolysis of coal and polyethylene wastes [西班牙]
#煤炭

https://web.anl.gov/PCS/acsfuel/preprint archive/Files/Merge/Vol-40_1-0001.pdf
COCONVERSION OF COAUWASTE PLASTIC MIXTURES UNDER VARIOUS PYROLYSIS AND LIQUEFACTION CONDITIONS
by Palmer Hippo
#煤炭

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890406000641
Pyrolysis of some whole plastics and plastics–coal mixtures [巴基斯坦]
#煤炭

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016523700600088X
Influence of reaction parameters on brown coal–polyolefinic plastic co-pyrolysis behavior
#褐煤

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304396780900013
http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6488691
Pyrolysis of plastic waste and scrap tires using a fluidized-bed process
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.197606601/abstract
Processing of Plastic Waste and Scrap Tires into Chemical Raw Materials, Especially by Pyrolysis - Sinn - 1976 - Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English - Wiley Online Library
#廢輪胎 #德國漢堡大學

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236110001018
Response surface methodology optimization applied to rubber tyre and plastic wastes thermal conversion [葡萄牙]
#廢輪胎

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237008001319
Study of the slow batch pyrolysis of mixtures of plastics, tyres and forestry biomass wastes [葡萄牙]
#廢輪胎 #林業廢棄物

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237005000379
Thermal and catalytic decomposition behavior of PVC mixed plastic waste with petroleum residue
#石油殘留物

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237011001999
Kinetic study of low-temperature conversion of plastic mixtures to value added products
#附加價值

http://www.maneyonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/174602205X40504
Recovery of value-added products from the pyrolytic recycling of glass-fibre-reinforced composite plastic waste [UK]
#玻璃纖維 #附加價值

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie970109o
Ultrapyrolytic Upgrading of Plastic Wastes and Plastics/Heavy Oil Mixtures to Valuable Light Gas Products - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (ACS Publications)

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00986449408936251
Pyrolysis of Waste Polystyrene in Heavy Oil - Chemical Engineering Communications - Volume 129, Issue 1
#重油 #tertiary recycling method #模擬汙染物

--------
文獻回顧
--------

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X09002190
Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review
#文獻回顧
#non-catalytic thermal cracking (thermolysis)
#thermo-chemical recycling of PSW (namely polyolefins)

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032109001439
Thermolysis of waste plastics to liquid fuel: A suitable method for plastic waste management and manufacture of value added products—A world prospective

Achyut K. Pandaa, R.K. Singha, D.K. Mishra [印度]

The present rate of economic growth is unsustainable without saving of fossil energy like crude oil, natural gas or coal.

Thus mankind has to rely on the alternate/renewable energy sources like biomass, hydropower, geothermal energy, wind energy, solar energy, nuclear energy, etc.
#石化燃料經濟之社會 #替代能源 #永續能源 #文獻回顧 #附加價值

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344998000251
Catalytic plastics cracking for recovery of gasoline-range hydrocarbons from municipal plastic wastes [比利時]

This paper reviews recent developments in plastics cracking, a process developed to recycle plastic wastes into useful petrochemical materials.
#蒸餾 #文獻回顧

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/masy.19920570113/abstract
Possibilities and limits of pyrolysis - Kaminsky - 2011 - Makromolekulare Chemie. Macromolecular Symposia - Wiley Online Library [德國漢堡]
裂解的可能性與限界

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165237085800425
Thermal recycling of polymers [德國漢堡]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344906002618
Prospect and current status of recycling waste plastics and technology for converting them into oil in China
#中國現況

--------
其他
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrolysis#Biofuel
Higher efficiency is achieved by the so-called flash pyrolysis, in which finely divided feedstock is quickly heated to between 350 and 500 ° C (660 and 930 ° F) for less than 2 seconds.

http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=38039

http://www.omicsonline.com/open-access/2090-4541/2090-4541-1-106.pdf
Waste Plastic Conversion into Chemical Product Like Naphtha

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef960151g
Hydrocracking of a Plastics Pyrolysis Gas Oil to Naphtha

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0045653587901329
Polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDF) and dibenzodioxins (PBDD) from the pyrolysis of neat brominated diphenylethers, biphenyls and plastic mixtures of these compounds

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237008002088
Thermal and catalytic degradation of pyrolytic oil from pyrolysis of municipal plastic wastes
塑膠裂解油再透過觸媒熱降解
#MPW #MSW

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382098000678
Continuous upgrading of a plastics pyrolysis liquid to an environmentally favorable gasoline range product
#連續升級

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359431109000192
Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine using waste plastic oil
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544209002874
Influence of injection timing on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine running on waste plastic oil
#柴油引擎 #塑膠柴油
[印度]

http://www.ijert.org/view-pdf/709/ex...is-oil-blends-with-pure-diesel
Experimental study on the performance of C.I diesel engine using plastic pyrolysis oil blends with pure diesel
塑膠裂解油與柴油混合並用

http://file.scirp.org/Html/38039.html
A Comparison of the Use of Pyrolysis Oils in Diesel Engine
#柴油引擎

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705814003853
Characterization and Utilization of Char Derived from Fast Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes
塑膠裂解碳的特性與應用

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237006000258
Pyrolysis study of a PVDC and HIPS-Br containing mixed waste plastic stream: Effect of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) [日本]
#溴化物 #PVDC #HIPS-BR #PET

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237008000788
Production of oil with low organobromine content from the pyrolysis of flame retarded HIPS and ABS plastics [UK] [匈牙利]
#溴化物 #抗火耐熱 #HIPS-BR #PET

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237002000359
Pyrolysis and debromination of flame retarded polymers of electronic scrap studied by analytical pyrolysis [匈牙利]
#溴化 #抗火耐熱 #電子廢棄物 #廢家電 #WEEE #eWaste

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653599002519
Fate of bromine in pyrolysis of printed circuit board wastes
#溴化 #積體電路板 #PC版 #電子廢棄物 #廢家電 #eWaste

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016523700600026X
Fire retarded high impact polystyrene [西班牙]
#溴化 #砂質流體化床 #抗火耐熱

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237007001453
Removal of organobromine compounds from the pyrolysis oils of flame retarded plastics using zeolite catalysts [UK]
#溴化 #抗火耐熱 #催化劑

http://www.maneyonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/174602208X330257
Quantification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in oil produced by pyrolysis of flame retarded plastic [UK]
#溴化 #抗火耐熱 #PBDE

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237006001355
Analysis of products from the pyrolysis of plastics recovered from the commercial scale recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment [UK]
#電子廢棄物 #廢家電 #WEEE #eWaste #GC–FID #GC–TCD

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237008000375
Pyrolysis of electrical and electronic wastes [西班牙]
#電子廢棄物 #WEEE #eWaste #PCB #PE

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003259100900655X
Pyrolysis of scrap printed circuit board plastic particles in a fluidized bed
#積體電路板 #PC版

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10163-006-0151-z
Feedstock recycling from plastic and thermoset fractions of used computers (I): pyrolysis [羅馬尼亞]
#廢電腦

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926337310005333
Role of pore structure in the deactivation of zeolites (HZSM-5, Hβ and HY) by coke in the pyrolysis of polyethylene in a conical spouted bed reactor

Defluidization modelling of pyrolysis of plastics in a conical spouted bed reactor
#焦煤
#Upgrade upgrading #錐形流體化床 #噴發式
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie900557c
Operating Conditions for the Pyrolysis of Poly-(ethylene terephthalate) in a Conical Spouted-Bed Reactor - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (ACS Publications)
#PET
[西班牙]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001623610300173X
Interactions between coking coals and plastics during co-pyrolysis☆ [澳洲]
#焦煤

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926337311001433
Catalytic pyrolysis of plastic wastes with two different types of catalysts: ZSM-5 zeolite and Red Mud [西班牙]
#紅泥 #催化劑

http://pdii.lipi.go.id/wp-content/up...yrolysis-of-Waste-Plastics.pdf
[Book] Feedstock recycling and pyrolysis of waste plastics
* 只有目錄
#Upgrade

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/0470021543.ch16/summary
Feedstock Recycling and Pyrolysis of Waste Plastics: Converting Waste Plastics into Diesel and Other Fuels
* 只有目錄
#柴油

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391008002127
Modeling pyrolysis kinetics of plastic mixtures [印度]

PP LDPE PET
Gumma
#分布圖？

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef980179n
Improvement of Carbon Burn-up during Fluidized Bed Incineration of Plastic by Using Porous Bed Materials
#微孔結構 #Porous #多孔 #戴奧辛Dioxin #plastic pellet

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304389496017797
Pyrolysis kinetics of epoxy resin in a nitrogen atmosphere [中山大學]
#氮氣 #樹脂

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X11001735
Deactivation and regeneration of ZSM-5 zeolite in catalytic pyrolysis of plastic wastes
#去活化 #再活化

http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Downloads/article_id_083_03_0271_0278_0.pdf
Plasma pyrolysis of medical waste
#醫院廢棄物 #醫療廢棄物 #電漿裂解

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1387181106003866
Preparation and characterization of Fe-MCM-41 catalysts employed in the degradation of plastic materials
#催化劑準備

http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijcre.2006.4.1/ijcre.2006.4.1.1338/ijcre.2006.4.1.1338.xml
Catalytic Cracking of Plastic Pyrolysis Waxes with Vacuum Gasoil: Effect of HZSM-5 Zeolite in the FCC Catalyst : International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236108002652
Catalytic degradation of plastic waste into petrochemicals using Ga-ZSM-5
#Pilot Plant試驗工廠/示範工廠級規模

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237002000785
Fast identification of polymer additives by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [德國]
#ABS #添加劑 #添加物

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165237014001193
Microwave assisted pyrolysis of corn derived plastic bags [義大利]
#玉米塑膠袋 #PLA? #生物分解塑膠 #紅外線裂解

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956053X08001785
Tar removal during the fluidized bed gasification of plastic waste [義大利]
#焦油移除

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/0470021543.ch27/summary

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※ 作者: Ctea 時間: 2015-11-13 16:08:25
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2015-11-13 18:30:26

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Tar removal during the fluidized bed gasification of plastic waste
U Arena, L Zaccariello, ML Mastellone - Waste Management, 2009 - Elsevier
... is instead determined by establishing oxidizing conditions in the reactor at the end of each run,
that is, after the stop of plastic feeding, and ... ratio (ER) increases (from 0.20 to 0.31), as a
consequence of the larger oxygen amount that can react with volatiles in the pyrolysis zone. ...
Cited by 68 Related articles All 7 versions Cite Save

Microwave assisted pyrolysis of corn derived plastic bags
A Undri, L Rosi, M Frediani, P Frediani - … of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2014 - Elsevier
Abstract Microwave assisted pyrolysis (MAP) of corn derived plastic bags (CDP) was
performed to efficiently dispose waste or contaminated bio-plastic obtaining a liquid useful
as source of chemicals and/or fuels. MAP was performed using different microwave (MW) ...
Cited by 6 Related articles All 3 versions Cite Save

Process and equipment for conversions of waste plastics into fuels
A Zadgaonkar - Feedstock Recycling and Pyrolysis of Waste …, 2006 - Wiley Online Library
... Keywords: plastic waste - serious global issue; pyrolysis; thermal cracking/noncatalytic cracking;
process mechanism; pyrolysis catalyst; pyrolysis output product refinement; thermofuel of waste
plastic; waste plastic depolymerization; Zadgaonkars' process. Summary. ...
Cited by 8 Related articles Cite Save

Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic study on pyrolysis of representative medical waste composition
N Deng, Y Zhang, Y Wang - Waste Management, 2008 - Elsevier
... It is concluded that plastic, protein, cellulosic matter, synthetic fiber and rubber matter
enter the pyrolysis process one by one; however, the pyrolysis process of plastic
and synthetic fiber ends after that of other materials. Table 2. ...
Cited by 36 Related articles All 7 versions Cite Save

[PDF] from whiterose.ac.uk
Hydrogen production from biomass and plastic mixtures by pyrolysis-gasification
J Alvarez, S Kumagai, C Wu, T Yoshioka… - international journal of …, 2014 - Elsevier
Abstract The addition of plastics to the steam pyrolysis/gasification of wood sawdust with and
without a Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalyst was investigated in order to increase the production of
hydrogen in the gaseous stream. To study the influence of the biomass/plastic ratio in the ...
Cited by 7 Related articles All 6 versions Cite Save

Char morphology and behaviour of Australian vitrinites of various ranks pyrolysed at various heating rates
LH Hamilton - Fuel, 1981 - Elsevier
... coal and semi-anthracite ranks). During pyrolysis, the differences in plastic behaviour
attributable to rank could largely be eliminated by changing the heating rate by two
orders of magnitude. The effects attributable to plasticity ...
Cited by 36 Related articles All 2 versions Cite Save

Malignant transformation in vitro by tryptophan pyrolysis products.
S TAKAYAMA, T HIRAKAWA… - Proceedings of the Japan …, 1978 - jlc.jst.go.jp
... of hamster embryo cells (Takayama et al., 1977, 1978). In this report, we demonstrate neo- plastic
change of hamster embryo cells treated with tryptophan pyrolysis products and 3MC. This is the
first demonstration of the tumorigenicity of tryptophan pyrolysis products. ...
Cited by 40 Related articles All 3 versions Cite Save

[PDF] from researchgate.net
Analytical representations of experimental polyethylene pyrolysis yields
AES Green, SM Sadrameli - Journal of analytical and applied pyrolysis, 2004 - Elsevier
Pyrolysis of plastic waste could convert this rapidly accumulating material into valuable
hydrocarbons to be used either as fuels or as raw materials in the pet. ... An alternative process
to convert and upgrade plastic waste is through the application of pyrolysis technology. ...
Cited by 21 Related articles All 5 versions Cite Save

[PDF] from researchgate.net
Kinetic evaluation of the pyrolysis of polyethylene waste
PA Costa, FJ Pinto, AM Ramos, IK Gulyurtlu… - Energy & …, 2007 - ACS Publications
... Previous work done by the authors 20 to study the effect of experimental parameters on plastic
waste pyrolysis considering product yield and composition, seem to show that chemical reactions
should be very fast and that reaction times should be relatively short 20 . ...
Cited by 25 Related articles All 4 versions Cite Save

Investigation of the performance of straw/waste plastic pyrolysis [J]
Y ZHAO, W JIN, S JIN - Applied Chemical Industry, 2009 - en.cnki.com.cn
The gas and liquid yields of straw and waste plastics pyrolysising separately at different
temperatures were analyzed. The performance of the straw/waste plastic by different
proportioning mixed co-pyrolysis was studied. The results showed that added a small ...
Cited by 1 Related articles Cite Save More

Simulation of an innovative reactor for waste plastics pyrolysis
LJ Yin, DZ Chen, H Wang, XB Ma, GM Zhou - Chemical Engineering …, 2014 - Elsevier
... Molten plastic pyrolysis proceeds in form of vertical falling film evaporation. • ... There has no report
on applying vertical falling film reactor to molten plastic pyrolysis yet. In this work, a vertical falling
film reactor was designed for the pyrolysis of molten plastic with high viscosity. ...
Cited by 2 Related articles All 4 versions Cite Save

Experiment on Manufacture Medium-heating Value Fuel Gas by Pyrolyzing Municipal Refuse in a Rotary Kiln
L Aimin, L Xiaodong, L Shuiqing… - JOURNAL OF …, 1999 - en.cnki.com.cn
A laboratory - scale externally heated rotary kiln was designed and developed, and a series of
the pyrolysis experiments were done with paper, paper board, waste plastic(including PVC plastic
and PE plastic) , rubber, vegetable, wood cloth and orange husk were selected as ...
Cited by 10 Related articles Cite Save More

[PDF] from ecn.nl
[PDF] The MARKAL systems engineering model for waste management
DJ Gielen - Proceedings of the International Workshop Systems …, 1998 - ecn.nl
... Pyrolysis DRP process Plastic/tyres 75 Ethylene, oil, coke 150 The question of
cost-effectiveness of CO2 reduction through plastic waste management requires a more
detailed approach. ... Plastic pyrolysis technology is tested on pilot plant scale. ...
Cited by 14 Related articles Cite Save More

Coal pyrolysis at fire-level heat flux
CK LEE, JM SINGER, RF CHAIKEN - Combustion Science and …, 1977 - Taylor & Francis
... INTRODUCTION The pyrolysis of coking coals (plastic coals) has been studied quite
extensively as indicated by recent reviews by Anthony and Howard (1976), Lewellen
(1976), and Reidelback and Summerfield (1975). Most ...
Cited by 18 Related articles All 2 versions Cite Save

Pyrolysis of solid waste in a rotary kiln: influence of final pyrolysis temperature on the pyrolysis products
AM Li, XD Li, SQ Li, Y Ren, Y Chi, JH Yan… - … and applied pyrolysis, 1999 - Elsevier
... Williams et al. studied the pyrolysis products of plastic waste in a laboratory-scale-
fluidized bed. When the temperature varied from 500 to 700° C gas yield changed
from 9.79 to 88.76% and tar yield changed from 18.44 to 57.11%. ...
Cited by 69 Related articles All 4 versions Cite Save

Prevention of chlorinated hydrocarbons formation during pyrolysis of PVC or PVDC mixed plastics
T Bhaskar, R Negoro, A Muto, Y Sakata - Green Chemistry, 2006 - pubs.rsc.org
... It is clear from Table 2 that the two step pyrolysis produced the halogen free hydrocarbons from
the 3P/PVC mixed plastics and pyrolysis of 3P/PVDC produced the liquid products with a
concentration of 15 ppm chlorine. The plastic derived oil with less than 100 ppm of chlorine ...
Cited by 13 Related articles All 3 versions Cite Save

[HTML] from scielo.br
[HTML] Recovery of hydrocarbon liquid from waste high density polyethylene by thermal pyrolysis
S Kumar, RK Singh - Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011 - SciELO Brasil
... [Links]. Chattopadhyay, J., Kim, C., Kim, R., Pak, D., Thermogravimetric characteristics and kinetic
study of biomass co-pyrolysis with plastic. ... [Links]. Zhou, L., Wang, Y., Huang, Q.,
Thermogravimetric characteristics and kinetic of plastic and biomass blends co-pyrolysis. ...
Cited by 17 Related articles All 3 versions Cite Save More

Production of pyrolytic oils by catalytic pyrolysis of Malaysian refuse-derived fuels in continuously stirred batch reactor
N Miskolczi, N Borsodi, F Buyong, A Angyal… - Fuel Processing …, 2011 - Elsevier
... Based on works of others it was summarized that the pyrolysis products were principally affected
by the pyrolysis parameters. ... as temperature operated over 550 ° C. The efficiency of catalyst is
strongly influenced by the ratio of constitutes of RDF like plastic/paper content. ...
Cited by 33 Related articles All 5 versions Cite Save

[PDF] from gabrieljebb.com
Treatment of organic waste using thermal plasma pyrolysis technology
H Huang, L Tang - Energy Conversion and Management, 2007 - Elsevier
... Usually, waste plastic has a volatile content of more than 90%. By plasma pyrolysis treatment,
the conversion efficiency to gas can reach up to 90%, and the amount of solid residue is very
small. Guddeti et al. [26] reported that the solid residue contained almost 100% carbon. ...
Cited by 97 Related articles All 10 versions Cite Save

Controlled pyrolysis of polyethylene/polypropylene/polystyrene mixed plastics with high impact polystyrene containing flame retardant: effect of decabromo …
T Bhaskar, WJ Hall, NMM Mitan, A Muto… - … degradation and stability, 2007 - Elsevier
... The pyrolysis oils derived from the controlled pyrolysis of the plastic samples were
analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to determine the functional
group composition of the oils. A Nicolet 560 FT-IR with data ...
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※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2015-11-25 09:56:08

http://www.siliconinvestor.com/readm...atchsize=10&batchtype=Next
Plastics to Oil - Pyrolysis and Secret Catalysts and Alterna - Stock Discussion Forums
#塑膠裂解油 #催化劑

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2015-12-28 11:11:48

> > http://disp.cc/b/CityNight?ft=塑膠
> http://disp.cc/b/261-9AeC

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2016-08-26 18:07:47

ABS pyrolysis' - Google 學術搜尋

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016523701100115X
Fuel oil from ABS using a tandem PEG-enhanced denitrogenation–pyrolysis method: Thermal degradation of denitrogenated ABS


※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2016-09-09 18:18:40