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http://cdrecyclingcenter.org/
Home - The CD Recycling Center of America
 https://youtu.be/Sv8pJfCCwxI
#CD回收

compact disc recycle - Google 搜尋



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※ 作者: Ctea 時間: 2016-08-25 21:42:36

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EmtbvrTaopc
Closed Loop Recycling | Eurocell PVCU - YouTube

http://www.recovinyl.com/manufacture
Some products – like road traffic cones - have been produced using recycled PVC for many years.  But the range of recycled products is rapidly increasing.  As it is uneconomic to produce recycled material of a particular colour or cosmetic appearance, it is common for product manufacturers to incorporate recycled material within the interior of a product, where it is unseen, and use virgin material in the outer layers where a specific appearance or finishing needs to be maintained.
#外層副料 #回收材質再製品的顏色

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391010004556
Recycling of PVC wastes

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xNNnP86N_kE
PVC Recycling Process Explained

"PVC" "Pyrolysis" - Google 搜尋

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef0101053?journalCode=enfuem
Study of the Low Temperature Pyrolysis of PVC - Energy & Fuels (ACS Publications)

The characteristics of PVC pyrolysis dechlorination has been studied in a fixed bed reactor under different operating conditions such as temperature, time, heating rate. It is found that about 90% chlorine in PVC can be effectively removed within 3 h with heating rate of 5 μ/min at temperature 300 ° C, with 10% chlorine remaining in volatile gas and residue.

The yield of combustible gas increases and the yield of tar as well as residue decreases with the increasing of the pyrolysis temperature.

The first step is mainly a dechlorination process which, accompanied by depolymerization and this reaction, can be seen as a first-order reaction:  apparent energy activation is about 130 kJ/mol. The second step is a further cracking process of the residue which produces low molecular hydrocarbons including alkene and aromatic compounds.

https://web.anl.gov/PCS/acsfuel/preprint archive/Files/40_2_ANAHEIM_04-95_0244.pdf
conversion of waste polyvinyl chloride (pvc) to useful chemicals.

http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/fire87/PDF/f87015.pdf
Toxicity of the Pyrolysis and Combustion Products of Poly (Vinyl Chlorides): A Literature Assessment

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11530916
Pyrolysis kinetics of waste PVC pipe. - PubMed - NCBI

The final residual fraction increased as a result of pyrolysis of organic forms of additives to yield extra char.

#水管

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24045169
High efficiency chlorine removal from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pyrolysis with a gas-liquid fluidized bed reactor. - PubMed - NCBI

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1...pologies+for+the+inconvenience
High-temperature pyrolysis of poly(vinyl chloride): Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the pyrolysis products from PVC resin and plastisols - O'Mara - 1970 - Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry - Wiley Online Library

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223246011_Vacuum_pyrolysis_of_PVC_I_Kinetic_study
Vacuum pyrolysis of PVC I. Kinetic study (PDF Download Available)

http://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/b...ON OF PVC-CONTAINING WASTE.pdf
KINETIC STUDY OF THERMAL DE-CHLORINATION OF PVC-CONTAINING WASTE

DTA/TGA testing performed indicates that the temperature of 340 ºC enables the removal of 88 % of the chlorine present in the PVC material. The resulting de-chlorinated fraction, carbonaceous residue, has also been characterized and it is mainly constituted by carbon. This carbonaceous residue was testing up to 500ºC in DTA/DTA and was verified that the combustion reaction of the carbonaceous material is complete at 493ºC demonstrating potential as a fuel source to a following gasification in order to produce a synthesis gas with high energetic potential.

The main reaction product is a synthesis gas for burning to produce heat.

#移除氯最佳溫度 #有效溫度 #syngas合成氣 #energetic valorization


https://wmich.edu/mfe/mrc/greenmanufacturing/pdf/GMI Pyrolysis of Mixed Polymers Review.pdf
Pyrolysis: A method for Mixed Polymer Recycling

•Hydrocarbon fumes

Goal: Reduce mixed polymer inputs into short
chain light crude oils for alternative uses
• Uses Anhydrous Pyrolysis to obtain light crude
• Light crude can be reprocessed into:
– Virgin polymer feedstock (PS, PE, PP)
– Short chain fuel products (Gasoline, Jet Fuel)
– Esters (Diesel) with addition of process catalyst
#輕質油 #無水裂解 #碳氫化合煙霧 #合成氣體燃料 #混合

Tertiary recycling of PVC-containing plastic waste by copyrolysiswith cattle manure
#牛糞


http://users.abo.fi/rzevenho/FBC17_Paper_87.pdf
Paper 87
AN EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF TWO-STAGE FLUIDISED BED COMBUSTION OF HIGH-PVC SOLID WASTE WITH HCl RECOVERY [芬蘭 赫爾辛基]

PVC accounts for about half the chlorine in municipal solid waste, and thus about half the HCl in the combustion gases.

A process for two-stage combustion of high-PVC solid waste with HCl recovery is being assessed at Helsinki University of Technology. It is based on the fact PVC can be decomposed into HCl and a low-chlorine or chlorine-free residue by heating to temperatures of around 300-350° C.

Residence time can be reduced if the bed temperature is in the range of 340° C-350° C and ensures the release of chlorine as HCl. Testing of the total system is ongoing after fixing the air heating system to heat the air before going into the second reactor in which the chars are to be burned. Also, the problem with on line pH measurement has been solved

Commercially this process can be built near a PVC manufacturing factory where can be integrated with it. The recovered HCl can be reused in the PVC plant and the electricity  from the two-stage process can be used in the air separation unit, which should exist to provide oxygen for the PVC plant and at the same time using the nitrogen from the air separation unit in the pyrolysis rector in the two-stage process. Beside that any steam needed for PVC plant can be extracted from the process.


#鹽酸 #氯化氫 #溫度 #家庭垃圾 #市鎮垃圾“Waste to REF and energy” (1998-2001).
#SRF solid recovered fuel #廢棄物回收固體燃料 #建議工廠回收再利用

http://www.ijteee.org/final-print/apr2015/Conversion-Of-Waste-Pvc-Into-Liquid-Fuel.pdf
Conversion Of Waste PVC Into Liquid Fuel

Hence by this method waste PVC can be converted into fuel, which will not only solve the problem of its disposal but also give a valuable product for the society.

#燃油 #燃料

https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/11286/publication3.pdf?sequence=15
Pyrolysis Modelling of PVC Cable Materials
#圖表模型

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2016-08-26 17:09:28


PET pyrolysis wax - Google 搜尋

http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/32566.pdf
Pyrolysis of Waste Polystyrene and High-Density Polyethylene

http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=84991
Degradation of Plastic Wastes (PP, PET, and LDPE) for Liquid Fuel Production as alternative energy by Using Vacuum Pyrolysis Method.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjce/v28n4/a11v28n4
RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON LIQUID FROM WASTE HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE BY THERMAL PYROLYSIS

http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/sofos/Sharobem_thesis.pdf
Tertiary Recycling of Waste Plastics: An Assessment of Pyrolysis by Microwave Radiation

http://www.vurup.sk/sites/vurup.sk/a...e3/pdf/pc_3_2010_bajus_068.pdf
THERMAL CRACKING OF THE MODEL SEVEN COMPONENTS MIXED PLASTICS INTO OILS/WAXES

[斯洛伐克]

Pyrolysis is one of the best methods for preserving valuable petroleum resources in addition to protecting the environment by decreasing the volume of non-degradable waste.

The gaseous products coming from the pyrolysis process with high caloric value may also be used as fuel.

One example is via chemical recycling where the plastic waste materials are processed back to produce basic petrochemicals, that can be used as feedstock to make virgin plastic.

Feedstock recycling can be via hydrogenation at high temperature and pressure to thermally degrade the plastics. Pyrolysis of waste plastics is a recycling option that shows great potential and has been investigated by a number of researchers.

PS, PVC and PET has predominant effect on the formation and yields of gases and oil/waxes in the comparison with the thermal cracking of individual and mixed polymers.

When PET is pyrolysed, usually a large amount of residue is formed, even at 700° C (30 %wt.).

#蠟 #化學原料 #碳氫燃料 #最好的方法 #高熱值氣體燃料 #氫化反應 #塑膠分解溫度


http://irserver.ucd.ie/bitstream/handle/10197/6103/Ger_Devlin_Waste_Polyolefins.pdf?sequence=4
Waste Polyolefins to Liquid Fuels via Pyrolysis: Review of Commercial State-of-the-Art and Recent Laboratory Research

https://www.theengineer.co.uk/issues...through-new-pyrolysis-process/
Plastic waste could be recycled through new pyrolysis process | The Engineer

Tests completed in the last week have shown that the system can reclaim from the plastic mix a wide range of products. These include wax that can be used a lubricant; original monomers such as styrene, which can be used to make new polystyrene; terephthalic acid that can be used in PET plastic products; methylmetacrylate that can be used to make acrylic sheets; and carbon which can be used as carbon black in paint pigments and tyres. Even the char left at the end of some reactions can be sold as activated carbon at a value of at least £400 a tonne.

#蠟可作為潤滑劑潤滑油


- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

"PET" "裂解" - Google 搜尋

http://www.tmirc.fcu.edu.tw/template...甲酸乙二酯／聚對苯二甲酸丙二酯摻合體熱裂解行為之探討.pdf
聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯/聚對苯二甲酸丙二酯摻合體 熱裂解行為之探討
Degradation Behavior of Polyethylene Terephthalate/Polytrimethylene Terephthalate Polymer Blends

http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32...5519016".&searchmode=basic
以熱裂解方法探討PLA與PET廢容器混合回收之可行性研究__臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統

http://recycle.epa.gov.tw/epa/rpaper/10409/5.htm
聚乳酸(PLA)混合PET廢容器回收效益之探討 - 行政院環境保護署-資源回收電子報

熱裂解後的產物為黑色固體，而冷凝後的產物則呈現黃色粉狀，兩者都可作為燃料之用途。

現階段的技術研發仍處於實驗室階段，礙於儲存空間的限制，後續產物皆以固態方式存放及進行分析。根據實驗結果顯示，固態產物元素組成主要為碳及氫，而冷凝物以碳的化合物為主，至於氣態產物檢測發現，主要為二聚體及三聚體。另外，將固態產物進行有害重金屬分析，並未檢驗出汞、砷、銅、鉻、鎘、鉛及硒等重金屬，僅檢驗出含有微量鋇(檢驗值<0.010mg/L)。

惟能源產率部分，經能源密度結果顯示，熱裂解後固態產物及冷凝物所能產生之能源產率，低於熱裂解前原料所產生之能源產率。

綜合研究結果來看，熱裂解後的產物性質對於環境應屬友善，且能有效減少回收後廢容器體積，雖然能源產率不如預期，但未來若能針對混合容器直接焚化處理所產生的環境影響進行評估，進而比較其效益，或許仍不失為一個可行的方式。


https://www.materialsnet.com.tw/VenderNewProductView.aspx?id=112
光安定劑應用在PET板材之探討－台灣永光化學 - 材料世界網 - 新產品發表

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2016-08-26 18:06:43

> > http://disp.cc/b/CityNight?ft=塑膠
> http://disp.cc/b/261-94tY


※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2016-08-26 18:07:18
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※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2016-09-07 17:08:03

http://homen.vsb.cz/~wih15/Publikace/PVC140817Korpas.pdf
[捷克]
#PVC  #驚嘆號 #插入 #雜訊

http://orca.cf.ac.uk/73372/1/2015ChallansPPhD.pdf
OPTIMISATION AND MODELLING OF PYROLYSIS PROCESSES ...

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10163-009-0282-0
Effect of some environmentally degradable materials on the pyrolysis of plastics II: influence of cellulose and lignin on the pyrolysis of complex mixtures | SpringerLink

http://www.aidic.it/icheap10/webpapers/505Borsodi.pdf
Environmental Saving Disposal of Contaminated Plastic Wastes by Their Pyrolysis

http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/25019576
Stabilizing poly(vinyl chloride) using its blends with poly(methyl methacarylate): pyrolysis... - Abstract - Europe PMC

http://www.ijesd.org/papers/545-CD0180.pdf
Systematic Study to Convert Polyvinyl Chloride Waste into Commercial Chemicals
#商用化學 #比重

http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/32566.pdf
Pyrolysis of Waste Polystyrene and High-Density Polyethylene
#PS #HDPE

http://users.abo.fi/rzevenho/FBC17_Paper_87.pdf
AN EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF TWO-STAGE FLUIDISED BED COMBUSTION OF HIGH-PVC SOLID WASTE WITH HCl RECOVERY



※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2016-09-13 17:09:46