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備註請放最後面 違者新聞文章刪除

1.媒體來源:

外媒    phys.org

2.記者署名:

by Jacqueline Boyd, The Conversation

edited by Gaby Clark, reviewed by Andrew Zinin

3.完整新聞標題:

Chihuahua dogs are part coyote—this might help explain their 'small but
mighty' reputation

吉娃娃有部分郊狼血統—這或許可以解釋它們「體型雖小，力量強大」的美譽。

4.完整新聞內文:

Chihuahua dogs are part coyote—this might help explain their 'small but
mighty' reputation
by Jacqueline Boyd, The Conversation

edited by Gaby Clark, reviewed by Andrew Zinin

Coyotes held significance for some Indigenous American cultures. The image
shows a Toltec pictograph of a coyote. Credit: Cvmontuy, CC BY-SA

It turns out that one of the smallest dog breeds, the Chihuahua, is part wild
coyote, according to recently published genetic research. The Chihuahua breed
originated in Mexico but is now a popular canine companion worldwide.

吉娃娃有部分郊狼血統—這或許可以解釋它們「體型雖小，力量強大」的美譽。
作者：Jacqueline Boyd，《對話》

由加比克拉克 編輯 ，安德魯齊寧審閱
郊狼在一些美洲原住民文化中具有重要意義。圖中展示的是托爾特克人的郊狼象形文字。
圖片來源：Cvmontuy，CC BY-SA

根據最近發表的基因研究，體型最小的犬種之一—吉娃娃，竟然有一部分野生郊狼的血
統。吉娃娃起源於墨西哥，如今已成為世界各地廣受歡迎的伴侶犬。

Coyote genes may have been introduced into ancestors of the Chihuahua
accidentally. They may also be the result of deliberate attempts to cross the
two animals—perhaps many generations ago.

Coyotes are a wild canine species, slightly smaller than the gray wolf and
native to North America. The presence of coyote genes in the much smaller
Chihuahua—among the most popular dogs in the UK and the US—highlights the
incredible diversity of domestic dogs and their varied histories.

Coyotes are untamed and territorial, while anyone who has lived with a
Chihuahua knows that their small bodies house big canine personalities.

Chihuahuas are the archetypal "small but mighty" dogs: bold, independent,
agile, but also capable of obedience. Small, sedentary lapdogs they are not.
These findings might partly explain why.

郊狼的基因可能是意外引入吉娃娃祖先體內的。也可能是人們刻意嘗試將這兩種動物雜交
的結果─也許是很多世代以前的事了。

郊狼是一種野生犬科動物，體型略小於灰狼，原產於北美洲。吉娃娃體型小得多，卻攜帶
郊狼基因—吉娃娃是英國和美國最受歡迎的犬種之一—這凸顯了家犬種類之豐富以及
它們各自不同的歷史。

郊狼性情野蠻且具有領地意識，而任何與吉娃娃一起生活過的人都知道，它們嬌小的身軀
裡蘊藏著強大的犬類個性。

吉娃娃是典型的「小而精悍」的犬種：大膽、獨立、敏捷，而且服從性強。它們絕非那種
嬌小、懶散的寵物犬。這些發現或許可以部分解釋其中的原因。

The recent study explored ancient genetic signatures in dog and human genomes
to validate the effectiveness of new genetic techniques. The genome is the
full complement of DNA in living cells.

The researchers demonstrated their methods on dog breeds with links to the
Americas, such as the Chihuahua and another Mexican breed, the xoloitzcuintli
(often shortened to xolo). The xolo is typically characterized by a lack of
hair and an often aloof personality.

Many dogs in the Americas today are descended from European breeds, an
outcome of colonization from the 15th century onward. However, previous
research showed that the Chihuahua and xolo preserve a small amount of
ancestry—4% in the Chihuahua and 3% in the xolo—from pre-contact dogs,
those that lived in the Americas before Europeans arrived.

Genetic analysis of the xolo in the recent study suggests that European and
pre-Columbian dogs were mixing around 1700. This aligns with evidence
suggesting that Europeans and Indigenous populations mixed around the same
time in early Mexico.

這項最新研究探討了狗和人類基因組中的古代遺傳特徵，以驗證新型基因技術的有效性。
基因組是指活細胞中全部DNA的總和。

研究人員以與美洲有聯繫的犬種為例，展示了他們的方法，例如吉娃娃和另一種墨西哥犬
種—無毛犬（通常簡稱為索洛犬）。索洛犬的典型特徵是毛髮稀少，個性通常比較冷漠
。

如今美洲的許多犬種都源自歐洲犬種，這是自15世紀以來殖民化的結果。然而，先前的研
究表明，吉娃娃和墨西哥無毛犬保留了少量祖先血統—吉娃娃為4%，墨西哥無毛犬為3%
—這些血統來自歐洲人到來之前的美洲犬種。

最近一項研究對墨西哥無毛犬的基因分析表明，歐洲犬和前哥倫布時期的犬隻在大約
1700 年左右開始雜交。這與歐洲人和墨西哥早期土著居民在同一時期雜交的證據相吻合
。

Reconstructing origins

Researchers previously found evidence of coyote ancestry in DNA from the
remains of ancient domestic dogs from the Americas. It's a reminder that dogs
are not that far removed from other canid species and can breed with them
successfully.

Wild coyotes and wolves have been found to hybridize naturally, especially in
geographical areas where "wolf-like" behavioral traits are beneficial. There
was even a recent report of a dog-fox hybrid being identified in Brazil.

It remains unclear when exactly the coyote genes entered the Chihuahua
lineage. The precise histories of different dog breeds are hard to
reconstruct because detailed documentary evidence is often lacking.

So how did the Chihuahua end up being so small, despite those coyote genes?
This question should be seen through the lens of selective breeding, where
humans choose different dogs to breed based on characteristics they prefer.

Genetic analysis reveals that almost all small dog breeds share a mutation in
the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene, which affects cell growth and
thus body size. Selection for small dogs with this mutation appears to have
occurred very early in dog domestication.

There is some evidence for the presence of diminutive dogs among pre-contact
Mesoamerican cultures, but how these relate to Chihuahuas is unknown.

重構起源

研究人員先前在美洲古代家犬遺骸的DNA中發現了郊狼的血統證據。這提醒我們，家犬與
其他犬科動物的親緣關係並不遙遠，它們可以成功雜交。

人們發現野生郊狼和狼會自然雜交，尤其是在那些「狼性」行為特徵有益的地理區域。最
近甚至有報導稱，在巴西發現了一種狗狐雜交種。

目前尚不清楚郊狼基因究竟何時會進入吉娃娃的血統。由於往往缺乏詳細的文獻資料，不
同犬種的確切歷史很難追溯。

那麼，儘管吉娃娃犬擁有郊狼的基因，為什麼它們的體型卻如此嬌小？這個問題應該從選
擇性育種的角度來看待，即人類根據自身偏好的特徵選擇不同的犬種進行繁殖。



有一些證據表明，在與美洲大陸接觸之前的中美洲文化中存在小型犬，但這些小型犬與吉
娃娃犬的關係尚不清楚。

Extreme variation

Some dogs, such as the Czechoslovakian wolfdog, look visibly more like their
wild and ancestral canid counterparts, such as the gray wolf. They have
pricked ears, muscular, athletic bodies and coats that provide camouflage and
protection from environmental extremes.

Other dogs show extreme variations, including exaggerated traits such as long
backs or short legs. In some cases, these physical characteristics come with
significant consequences for health and well-being.

Overall body size is particularly variable in dogs, with a 40-fold difference
across different breeds and types. Imagine the diminutive Chihuahua standing
next to an imposing Great Dane, for example.

There are also important differences in behavior. If you want to live
harmoniously with a dog, or train or work a dog in a specific activity, this
is important to acknowledge. Indeed, meeting an individual dog's physical,
psychological and emotional needs is essential for both dog and human
well-being, as well as training success.

極端變化

有些犬種，例如捷克斯洛伐克狼犬，外形明顯更接近它們的野生祖先犬科動物，例如灰狼
。它們豎著耳朵，體格健壯，肌肉發達，毛髮能夠起到偽裝和抵禦極端環境的作用。

其他犬種則表現出極端的變異，包括一些誇張的特徵，例如長背或短腿。在某些情況下，
這些身體特徵會對它們的健康和福祉造成重大影響。

狗的體型差異非常大，不同品種和類型的狗體型相差可達40倍。例如，想像嬌小的吉娃娃
站在一隻威風凜凜的大丹犬旁邊。



As with appearance, natural and human-driven selection have combined to
influence these traits. This has produced generations of dogs with specific
behavioral characteristics.

Dogs were among the earliest animals to be domesticated by humans—the
earliest examples are more than 15,000 years old. They are also one of the
most successful domesticated species.

Dogs are found on every continent except Antarctica, and the global dog
population is thought to number between 700 million and 1 billion. They exist
either embedded within human society or living on the fringes of it.

Throughout history, natural selection on dogs with characteristics that
confer survival advantages has occurred. At the same time, humans have
selected individual dogs based on desired attributes, leading to the breed
development and classifications that we see around the world.

As well as furthering our capacity to explore the genetic ancestry of
species, the latest study adds detail to our understanding of how and when
the domestic dog evolved and became so diverse.

It might also mean we think less about the "wolf in our living rooms" and
more about the "coyote in our Chihuahuas."

與外表一樣，自然選擇和人為選擇共同影響了這些特徵。這造就了一代又一代具有特定行
為特徵的犬隻。

狗是最早被人類馴化的動物之一—最早的例子可以追溯到15,000多年前。它們也是馴化
最成功的物種之一。

除了南極洲以外，每個大陸都有狗的蹤跡，全球狗的數量估計在7億到10億之間。它們既
生活在人類社會中，也生活在人類社會的邊緣。

縱觀歷史，自然選擇一直在作用於那些具有生存優勢的犬類特徵。同時，人類也根據所需
的特徵對犬隻進行選育，從而形成了我們今天在世界各地看到的犬種及其分類。

這項最新研究不僅增強了我們探索物種遺傳祖先的能力，還詳細闡述了家犬是如何以及何
時進化並變得如此多樣化的。

這也可能意味著我們會減少對「客廳裡的狼」的關注，而更多地關注「吉娃娃身上的郊狼
」。

5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等轉載媒體:

https://phys.org/news/2026-09-chihuahua-dogs-coyote-small-mighty.html

6.備註:

狗不可貌相

https://youtu.be/YN4BTya4W0k

前世は有名な武将様 (それ それ それ)
何の因果か？この姿 (犬 犬 犬)
とっても小さい (武将様) 可愛い瞳の (武将様)
桶狭間から連戦連勝 知ってる？ 知らない過去の人
ジャーキーそこそこ 牛乳最高 憩いの場は ドッグラン
犬？ 武将？ 犬？ 武将？ 犬？ 武将？ (どっちもや！)





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