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備註請放最後面 違者新聞文章刪除

1.媒體來源:

外媒    Arkeonews.net

2.記者署名:

Oguz Buyukyildirim

3.完整新聞標題:

2,800-Year-Old Scythian Tomb Reveals Evidence of Ancient Cannabis Use in
Siberia

西伯利亞出土2800年前大麻首富古墓

4.完整新聞內文:

2,800-Year-Old Scythian Tomb Reveals Evidence of Ancient Cannabis Use in
Siberia

西伯利亞出土2800年前大麻首富古墓

By Oguz Buyukyildirim

作者：奧古斯‧布尤基爾迪里姆

https://i.urusai.cc/tzGJ1.jpg

Ancient cannabis seeds found during excavations at the 2,800-year-old Tunnug
1 Scythian burial mound in Siberia. The tiny seeds are difficult to identify
among the surrounding archaeological remains. Credit: T. Wallace / University
of Bern.

在西伯利亞距今2800年的斯基泰人墓葬群圖努格1號（Tunnug 1）的發掘過程中，發現了
古代大麻種子。這些細小的種子很難在周圍的考古遺跡中辨認出來。圖片來源：T.
Wallace / 伯爾尼大學。

An ancient Scythian tomb in southern Siberia has yielded more than 1,400
cannabis seeds and chemical traces of cannabis compounds in preserved human
hair. Researchers believe the discoveries provide some of the earliest direct
evidence that people used the plant for its mind-altering effects nearly
2,800 years ago.



The findings come from Tunnug 1, a monumental burial mound in Russia’s Tuva
Republic. An international research team led by archaeologist Gino Caspari of
the University of Bern combined  archaeological evidence with laboratory
analyses to investigate how cannabis may have featured in ancient Scythian
society.



Cannabis Seeds Inside an Ancient Royal Tomb

Tunnug 1 lies in the Uyuk Valley, a region of southern Siberia sometimes
called the Siberian Valley of the Kings because of its numerous monumental
burial mounds. The site dates to the early Scythian period, when horse-riding
communities occupied large areas of the Eurasian steppe.

The burial mound measures approximately 140 meters across and contains
elaborate wooden burial structures. Excavations revealed human remains,
numerous horse sacrifices, and objects associated with funerary ceremonies.

古皇家陵墓中的大麻種子



該墓丘直徑約140公尺，內部有精巧的木製墓葬結構。發掘工作發現了人類遺骸、大量馬匹
祭品以及與喪葬儀式相關的物品。

Among the discoveries were more than 1,400 cannabis seeds and additional
fragments. Archaeologists recovered them from wooden burial chambers, near
human skeletons, and within the folds of preserved textiles and fur.

Their location suggests that people deliberately placed cannabis inside the
tomb. However, seeds alone cannot establish whether the Scythians cultivated
the plant for food, fibers, medicinal purposes, or its psychoactive effects.

Researchers directly radiocarbon-dated six seeds. Their analysis places the
deposits around the beginning of the eighth century BC, approximately 2,800
years ago.

考古學家在出土文物中發現了1400多粒大麻種子和其他一些碎片。這些種子和碎片是在木
製墓室、人類骨骼附近以及保存完好的紡織品和毛皮的褶皺中發現的。

這些種子的出現表明，人們有意將大麻放入墓穴中。然而，僅憑種子本身無法確定斯基泰
人種植大麻是為了獲取食物、纖維、藥用價值，還是為了利用其精神活性作用。

研究人員直接對六顆種子進行了放射性碳定年。他們的分析表明，這些種子的沉積物形成
於公元前八世紀初，距今約2800年。

https://i.urusai.cc/8kINz.jpg

The Tunnug 1 archaeological excavation site in southern Siberia, where
researchers discovered ancient cannabis seeds and preserved human hair in a
2,800-year-old Scythian burial mound. Credit: T. Wallace / University of Bern.

在西伯利亞南部的圖努格1號考古遺址，研究人員在一個擁有2800年歷史的斯基泰墓葬中
發現了古代大麻種子和保存完好的人類毛髮。圖片來源：T. Wallace / 伯爾尼大學。

Ancient Human Hair Provides the Crucial Evidence

The most intriguing evidence came not from the seeds but from preserved human
hair recovered from the burial chambers.

Scientists used advanced mass spectrometry to examine the samples for
chemical compounds associated with cannabis. They detected cannabinol, or
CBN, a substance that can form when tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal
psychoactive compound in cannabis, undergoes oxidation.

The analyses also produced weaker signals consistent with THC. Researchers
interpreted the combination of chemical findings and cannabis seeds within
the same burial environment as evidence that people may have consumed the
plant for its intoxicating properties.

古代人類毛髮提供了關鍵證據

最引人入勝的證據並非來自種子，而是來自墓室中發現的保存完好的人類頭髮。

科學家利用先進的質譜技術檢測了樣本中與大麻相關的化學成分。他們檢測到了大麻酚（
CBN），這是一種由四氫大麻酚（THC，大麻中的主要精神活性成分）氧化形成的物質。



Caspari emphasized the importance of examining both the plant remains and
human tissue. According to the University of Bern, this combination provides
a stronger basis for investigating ancient cannabis use than archaeological
seeds alone.

However, the findings do not establish how people consumed cannabis or how
much they absorbed. The researchers could not determine whether individuals
smoked the plant, inhaled its vapors, or consumed it in another form.

The interpretation also faces scientific scrutiny. Independent forensic
toxicologist Volker Auwärter has questioned whether the chemical traces
necessarily indicate consumption, since cannabis compounds can contaminate
hair through external contact. The laboratory results therefore support the
researchers’ interpretation but do not eliminate every alternative
explanation.

卡斯帕里強調了同時檢驗植物遺骸和人體組織的重要性。伯恩大學指出，與單獨研究考古
種子相比，這種結合能為研究古代大麻使用提供更強大的基礎。

然而，這些發現並未確定人們是如何攝取大麻的，也沒有說明他們吸收了多少。研究人員
無法確定受試者是吸食大麻、吸入其蒸汽，還是以其他方式攝取。



https://i.urusai.cc/r4irL.jpg

Preserved human hair recovered from 2,800-year-old Scythian graves at Tunnug
1 in southern Siberia. Chemical analysis revealed compounds associated with
cannabis, providing evidence of possible psychoactive use. Credit: CC BY /
Caspari et al.



Cannabis and the Rituals of the Scythians

The burial context adds another dimension to the discovery. Tunnug 1 was not
an ordinary grave, and archaeologists have uncovered extensive evidence of
ceremonies surrounding the dead.

Earlier excavations identified the remains of 18 horses associated with the
burial mound. Subsequent investigations revealed several dozen additional
sacrificed horses and scattered human bones, raising the possibility that
some ceremonies also involved human sacrifice.

Researchers suspect cannabis may have played a role in these rituals,
although its precise purpose remains unknown. The plant might have
accompanied funerary offerings or formed part of ceremonies involving altered
states of consciousness.

大麻與斯基泰人的儀式

墓葬背景為這項發現增添了另一層意義。圖努格1號墓並非普通的墓葬，考古學家已經發
現了大量與死者相關的儀式證據。

早期的發掘工作在墓塚中發現了18匹馬的遺骸。隨後的調查又發現了數十匹被獻祭的馬以
及散落的人骨，這表明某些儀式可能也涉及人祭。

研究人員懷疑大麻可能在這些儀式中發揮了作用，但其確切用途仍不清楚。這種植物可能
與葬禮祭品一同出現，或成為涉及意識狀態改變的儀式的一部分。

Ancient written accounts offer an interesting comparison. The Greek historian
Herodotus described Scythians inhaling vapors produced by heating cannabis on
hot stones, suggesting that the plant held a place in certain Scythian
practices.

Yet the Siberian discovery predates Herodotus by several centuries. The
archaeological evidence does not demonstrate that the people buried at Tunnug
1 followed the same practices he later described.

古代文獻記載提供了一個有趣的對比。希臘歷史學家希羅多德描述斯基泰人吸入用熱石加
熱大麻產生的蒸汽，這表明大麻在斯基泰人的某些習俗中佔有一席之地。

然而，西伯利亞的發現比希羅多德早了幾個世紀。考古證據並沒有表明，圖努格1號遺址
的墓葬主人遵循著他後來描述的那些習俗。

https://i.urusai.cc/ij91b.jpg

Close-up of ancient cannabis seeds recovered from the Tunnug 1 Scythian
burial mound in southern Siberia. Under proper lighting, their characteristic
net-like surface pattern becomes visible, allowing researchers to identify
them. Credit: CC BY / Caspari et al.



New Clues to the History of Cannabis

Archaeologists already knew that prehistoric communities across Eurasia used
cannabis for different purposes, including its nutritious seeds and durable
fibers. Evidence from Central Asian  archaeological sites has also suggested
that people deliberately exploited its psychoactive properties.

In 2019, researchers identified chemical residues associated with cannabis in
wooden burners from approximately 2,500-year-old graves in the Pamir
Mountains. Those findings pointed toward ritual inhalation but lacked direct
evidence from human tissues.

The Tunnug 1 study potentially pushes the evidence for psychoactive cannabis
use several centuries further into the past. Nevertheless, it cannot
establish when people first discovered the plant’s intoxicating effects or
whether the practice originated in a single region.

The research team is now investigating the genetic material preserved in the
ancient seeds. Caspari reports that the DNA is exceptionally well preserved,
potentially allowing scientists to examine the early history of cannabis
domestication and its spread across Eurasia.

Gino Caspari et al. Direct evidence for psychoactive cannabis use 2800 years
ago. Science 394, 649-653(2026). DOI:10.1126/science.aeg3800

大麻歷史的新線索



2019年，研究人員在帕米爾山脈約2500年前的墓葬中發現的木製燃燒器內含有與大麻相關
的化學殘留物。這些發現指向了儀式性吸入行為，但缺乏人體組織的直接證據。



https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeg3800

5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等轉載媒體:

https://reurl.cc/qaEmGy

6.備註:


大麻無限城誒？


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