---

> Moved from: https://disp.cc/b/261-9oTs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_mythology

----
※ 作者: Ctea 時間: 2018-12-27 01:28:26

> http://disp.cc/b/261-8HyA

屠蛇屠龍神話

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaos_(cosmogony)&oldid=849120641#Chaoskampf
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php...9420061#Mythological_parallels
#屠龍神話 #大蛇

- Apollo vs Python

- Indra vs Vritra

- Thor vs Jörmungandr (?)

- Marduk vs Tiamat

- Baal vs Tannin, "Twisted Serpent", Litan (Leviathan), "Mighty One with Seven Heads"

- Ninurta vs the Warrior Dragon, the Palm Tree King, Lord Saman-ana, the Bison-beast, the Mermaid, the Seven-headed Snake, the Six-headed Wild Ram

- Teshub vs Illuyanka, Hedammu

- Vahagn vs the Dragon

- Heracles vs Hydra of Lerna

- Susa no O (須佐之男 / 素戔嗚尊) vs Yamata no Orochi (八岐大蛇)

- Perseus vs Cetus

- Perun vs Veles (via Belobog#Slavic Dualism)

See also:

 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkūnas

 - https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perkwunos&oldid=857007310

- Saint George vs the Dragon

古典時代
- - - -
中古世紀

- Beowulf vs the Dragon

- Sigurd vs Fafnir

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2016-09-27 21:40:19, 21:51:18

: Moved from: https://disp.cc/b/261-8HyA

http://www.ceisiwrserith.com/pier/deities.htm
Ceisiwr Serith Main Page ->Proto-Indo-European Deities

#原始印歐神話

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2015-05-18 15:28:16, 15:39:10
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2015-05-19 09:32:26, 17:54:16

: Moved from: https://disp.cc/b/261-8HyA

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proto-Indo-European_religion&oldid=791425913
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proto-Indo-European_religion&oldid=815257063
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proto-Indo-European_religion&oldid=847458158
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php...=849607049&oldid=815257063

#印歐神話

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-07-12 13:45:40, 18:07:15, 18:07:34
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2017-07-14 01:19:23
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-08-01 16:50:28
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-09-12 03:11:24

https://www.plurk.com/p/m6qqb2

#復活節 #彼得兔

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2017-08-01 13:08:43

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php...did=872898876#Societal_deities


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuisto

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvastar

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayland_the_Smith

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hephaestus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan_(mythology)
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hephaestus&oldid=874797994

Through his identification with the Hephaestus of Greek mythology, Vulcan came to be considered as the manufacturer of art, arms, iron, jewelry, and armor for various gods and heroes, including the lightning bolts of Jupiter. He was the son of Jupiter and Juno, and the husband of Maia and Aphrodite (Venus). His smithy was believed to be situated underneath Mount Etna in Sicily.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svarog #斯拉夫

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sethlans_(mythology)

#比較神話 #匠神

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-01-11 20:28:57

http://blog.xuite.net/jay8308066/xj61512u44eji61/25738389

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-02-08 13:32:44

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belobog 白神
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobog 黑神

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veles_(god)&oldid=860578331

The duality and conflict of Perun and Veles does not represent the dualistic clash of good and evil; rather, it is the opposition of the natural principles of earth, water and substance (Veles) against heaven, fire and spirit (Perun).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veles_(god) #Hermes #Loki #Mitra

掌管：冥府、地、水、肥沃、魔法、魔術/惡作劇（參考：Loki）、牲畜、牧草、蛇、狼、醫藥、音樂

對應的為
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perun
掌管：春季、東方、肥沃、大氣、雷霆、戰士、貴族、火

後來基督教傳入之後，分別改成St. Nicholas與St. Elias

前者專門幫助窮困人家、學生、性工作者，會在聖尼古拉日帶來禮物、硬幣等。然後後來演變成聖誕老人。

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dažbog #Feosta (Hephaestus) #埃及 #Heimdall #門神

#斯拉夫多神教 #天與地

參考：

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitra–Varuna

Varuna - 黑夜 - 秩序 - 司法 - 正義 - 天空 -  水  - 天海 - 冥府

Mitra  - 白晝 - 友愛 - 契約 - 真理 - 友情 - 牲畜 - 誓約 - 日光

#二元對立但非善惡對立正邪對立

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-10-03 00:32:50

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteria_(Titaness)

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=asteria&rdfrom=Asteria#Etymology

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ishtar#Etymology

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Esther#Etymology

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Estelle#Etymology

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Estella#Etymology

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Stella#Etymology

= 分隔線 =

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂stḗr

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Stern#Etymology

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/star#Etymology

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stella#Latin

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/etoile

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aster#Etymology

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/astro-#Etymology

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ἄστρον#Ancient_Greek

#星星 #字根

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-12-09 04:53:55

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dying-and-rising_deity
Dying-and-rising deity - Wikipedia

#死而復生的神明

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-12-09 04:59:46

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio_graeca
Interpretatio graeca

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cú_Chulainn

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cú_Chulainn&oldid=863767394

Cú Chulainn shows striking similarities to the legendary Persian hero Rostam, as well as to the Germanic Lay of Hildebrand and the labours of the Greek epic hero Heracles, suggesting a common Indo-European origin,^[10] but lacking in linguistic, anthropological and archaeological material.<sup>[11]

[10]</sup> M. Connell: The Medieval Hero: Christian and Muslim Traditions. Ed. Dr. Müller. 2008. p. 227

^[11] A. Häusler, Indogermanische Altertumskunde, pp.406-407, In: H. Beck, D. Geuenich, H. Steuer, Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, vol. 15, 2000, pp.402-408)

#神話英雄

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-12-19 16:48:55

https://www.google.com/search?num=10...gws-wiz.......0i71.10xcpPF2Eu0

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anahita&oldid=873060915

Anahita

The Greek and Roman historians of classical antiquity refer to her either as Anaïtis or identified her with one of the divinities from their own pantheons. 270 Anahita, a silicaceous S-type asteroid, is named after her. Based on the development of her cult, she was described as a syncretistic goddess, which was composed of two independent elements. The first is a manifestation of the Indo-Iranian idea of the Heavenly River who provides the waters to the rivers and streams flowing in the earth while the second is that of a goddess with an uncertain origin, though maintaining her own unique characteristics, became associated with the cult of the ancient Mesopotamian goddess Inanna-Ishtar.^[3]

As a divinity of the waters (Abān), the yazata is of Indo-Iranian origin, according to Lommel related to Sanskrit Sarasvatī that, like its Proto-Iranian equivalent *Harahvatī, derives from Indo-Iranian *Saraswṇtī.[1][10][11] In its old Iranian form *Harahvatī, "her name was given to the region, rich in rivers, whose modern capital is Delhi (Avestan Haraxvaitī, Old Persian Hara(h)uvati-, Greek Arachosia)."[1]

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aban&oldid=867238532#Introduction

As also in the Indian religious texts, the waters are considered a primordial element. In Zoroastrian cosmogony, the waters are the second creation, after that of the sky.^[3] Aside from Apas herself/themselves, no less than seven Zoroastrian divinities are identified with the waters: All three Ahuras (Mazda, Mithra, Apam Napat), two Amesha Spentas (Haurvatat, Armaiti) and two lesser Yazatas (Aredvi Sura Anahita and Ahurani).

#恆河

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-12-19 17:04:29

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burz

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apam_Napat
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apam_Napat&oldid=862766675

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php...;oldid=872898876#Water_deities

Philologists reconstruct his name from that of the Vedic god Apám Nápát, the Roman god Neptūnus, and the Old Irish god Nechtain. Although such a god has been solidly reconstructed in Proto-Indo-Iranian religion, Mallory and Adams nonetheless still reject him as a Proto-Indo-European deity on linguistic grounds.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nechtan_(mythology)
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nechtan_(mythology)&oldid=856541483

According to Georges Dumézil the name Nechtan is perhaps cognate with that of the Romano-British god Nodens or the Roman god called Neptunus, and the Persian and Vedic gods sharing the name Apam Napat.

#水神

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-12-19 17:06:58

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Janus&oldid=872938940
In one of his works G. Dumézil has postulated the existence of a structural difference in level between the Indo-European gods of beginning and ending and the other gods who fall into a tripartite structure, reflecting the most ancient organization of society. So in IE religions there is an introducer god (as Vedic Vâyu and Roman Janus) and a god of ending, a nurturer goddess and a genie of fire (as Vedic Saraswati and Agni, Avestic Armaiti, Anâitâ and Roman Vesta) who show a sort of mutual solidarity: the concept of 'god of ending' is defined in connection to the human referential, i.e. the current situation of man in the universe, and not to endings as transitions, which are under the jurisdiction of the gods of beginning owing to the ambivalent nature of the concept. Thus the god of beginning is not structurally reducible to a sovereign god, nor the goddess of ending to any of the three categories on to which the goddesses are distributed. There is though a greater degree of fuzziness concerning the function and role of goddesses, which may have formed a preexisting structure allowing the absorption of the local Mediterranean mother goddesses, nurturers and protectresses.

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-12-27 01:56:23

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php...hesis_on_the_origins_of_Vulcan
Hypothesis on the origins of Vulcan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeus#Zeus_Velchanos

#Velchanos

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-12-27 01:59:06, 02:00:10, 02:02:40, 04:49:41, 04:50:35, 05:01:32

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hausos
Hausos

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hausos&oldid=882609467

#曙光破曉女神 #アメノウズメ #日本神話

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2019-04-20 03:39:58

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/九曜

https://www.google.com/search?newwin...gws-wiz.......0i71.XizXt4uUP04
Ketu Rahu Hati Skoll

#日蝕 #月蝕 #計都 #羅睺 #印度 #北歐 #狼

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2019-04-20 04:21:57

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diana_(mythology)&oldid=893205181#Mythology

Unlike the Greek gods, Roman gods were originally considered to be numina: divine powers of presence and will that did not necessarily have physical form. At the time Rome was founded, Diana and the other major Roman gods probably did not have much mythology per se, or any depictions in human form. The idea of gods as having anthropomorphic qualities and human-like personalities and actions developed later, under the influence of Greek and Etruscan religion.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numen

#神靈存在 #沒有背景故事

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2019-04-20 04:49:22

https://www.indifferentlanguages.com/words/god
Do You Know How to Say God in Different Languages?

#不同語言

https://www.google.com/search?newwin..........0i71j0i7i30.PzNqxpBzsv4

http://medievalscotland.org/names/sca/tighearna.shtml

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2019-06-17 17:53:04

https://www.google.com/search?q=god+...p;sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threefold_death

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2019-06-17 22:32:47
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2019-06-26 14:38:44

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_mythology
Comparative mythology

#比較神話學

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2019-06-26 15:44:11

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vulcan_(mythology)&oldid=904180382#Etymology

It has been supposed that his name was not Latin but related to that of the Cretan god Velchanos, a god of nature and the nether world. Wolfgang Meid has dispued this identification as phantastic. More recently this etymology has been taken up by Gérard Capdeville who finds a continuity between Cretan Minoan god Velchanos and Etruscan Velchans. The Minoan god's identity would be that of a young deity, master of fire and companion of the Great Goddess.

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php...hesis_on_the_origins_of_Vulcan

The origin of the Roman god of fire Vulcan has been traced back to the Cretan god Velchanos by Gérard Capdeville, primarily under the suggestion of the close similarity of their names.  Cretan Velchanos is a young god of Mediterranean or Near Eastern origin who has mastership of fire and is the companion of the Great Goddess. These traits are preserved in Latium only in his sons Cacus, Caeculus, Romulus and Servius Tullius.

His theology would be reflected in the Greek myths of Theseus and the Minotaur and in those concerning the childhood of Zeus on Mount Ida. The Mediterranean Pregreek conception is apparent in the depiction of Velchanos as a young man sitting upon a fork of a tree on coins from Phaistos dating from 322 to 300 BC, showing him as a god of vegetation and springtime: the tree is the symbol of the union of Heaven and Earth and their generative power, i. e. the site of the union of the god and the goddess.

Otherwise Earth would be symbolised in the tree and Heaven in the double axe of the god. Later Velchanos was depicted as a bull as testified in the myths of Pasiphae and Europa. The Greeks misunderstood the meaning of the bull as for them the symbol of Zeus was a bird: the cock, the cuckoo or the eagle. Theseus brought to Delos the dance named géranos (literally the dance of the crane) which Capdeville connects with Garanos, a variant of the Recaranus of Italic myths. B. Sergent remarks that such an inquiry needs to include the Tarvos Trigaranos (the bull of the three horns) of Gaul.

The theological profile of Velchanos looks identical to that of Jupiter Dolichenus, a god of primarily Hittite ascendence in his identification with the bull, who has Sumero-Accadic, Aramaic and Hittito-Hurrite features as a god of tempest, according for example to the researches conducted in Syria by French scholar Paul Merlat. His cult enjoyed a period of popularity in the Roman Empire during the 2nd and 3rd centuries and the god had a temple in Rome on the Aventine.

#年輕人 #牛

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php...onflation_with_other_goddesses

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php...ad_and_conflation_with_Artemis

#政治

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2019-07-02 15:34:28

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deities_of_Slavic_religion

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deities_of_Slavic_religion&oldid=875405798

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marek_Hapon

#斯拉夫神明

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-12-26 17:39:11

> https://www.google.com/search?q="Vel...p;sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://en.uj.edu.pl/en_GB/news/-/journal_content/56_INSTANCE_SxA5QO0R5BDs/81541894/138378674
A merry old man? Not necessarily. The secret history of Santa Claus - News - Jagiellonian University - Jagiellonian University

#聖誕老人 #新月黑熊

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-12-27 01:38:46, 01:39:31

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Trickster_gods
魔術神 Trickster gods #惡作劇

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Magic_gods
魔法神

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wisdom_gods
智慧神

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-12-27 01:41:44, 01:43:58, 01:47:04, 01:48:04, 01:50:19

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php...538#God_of_magic_and_musicians

Believed to be related to the Indo-European deity of Mitra as well as the Norse deity Loki.

According to Ivanov and Toporov, Veles' portrayal as having a penchant for mischief is evident both from his role in the storm myth and in carnival customs of Koledari shamans. In his role as a trickster god, he is in some ways similar to both Greek Hermes and Scandinavian Loki. He was connected with magic.

The myth was cyclical, repeating itself each year. The death of Veles was never permanent; he would reform himself as a serpent who would shed its old skin and would be reborn in a new body.

Although in this particular myth he plays a negative role as bringer of chaos, Veles was not seen as an evil god by ancient Slavs.

In fact, in many of the Russian folk tales, Veles, appearing under the Christian guise of St. Nicholas, saves the poor farmer and his cattle from the furious and destructive St. Elias the Thunderer, who, of course, represents the Perun.^[a]

The duality and conflict of Perun and Veles does not represent the dualistic clash of good and evil; rather, it is the opposition of the natural principles of earth and water (Veles) against heaven/sky and fire (Perun).

https://www.google.com/search?q="Vel...p;sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.google.com/search?q="Vol...p;sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://vovatia.wordpress.com/2012/09/29/a-russian-religious-rip-off/
A Russian Religious Rip-Off | VoVatia

#斯拉夫世界樹

https://vovatia.wordpress.com/2011/08/21/better-go-see-elijah/
Better Go See Elijah | VoVatia

http://deity-of-the-week.blogspot.com/2011/11/velesvolos.html
Deity of the Week: Veles/Volos

Veles (Cyrillic: Велес; Polish: Weles; Old Russian and Old Church Slavonic: Велесъ) also known as Volos (Russian: Волосъ) (listed as a Christian saint in Old Russian texts) is a major Slavic god of earth, waters and the underworld, associated with dragons, cattle, magic, musicians, wealth and trickery. He is also the opponent of thunder-god Perun, and the battle between two of them constitutes one of the most important myths of Slavic mythology. No direct accounts survive, but reconstructions speculate that he may directly continue aspects of the Proto-Indo-European pantheon and that he may have been imagined as (at least partially) serpentine, with horns (of a bull, ram or some other domesticated herbivore), and a long beard.

A similar pattern can be observed amongst the South Slavs. Here the name of Veles appears only in toponyms, the most well-known of which is the city of Veles in Macedonia, over which looms a hill of St. Elias the Thunderer. Another example is the town of Volosko in Croatia, situated on the seashore under the peak of Mount Ucka, nicknamed Perun. Amongst Western Slavs, the name can be principally found in 15th and 16th century Czech records, where it means either dragon or devil.

The myth was cyclical, repeating itself each year. The death of Veles was never permanent; he would reform himself as a serpent who would shed its old skin and would be reborn in a new body. Although in this particular myth he plays the negative role as bringer of chaos, Veles was not seen as an evil god by ancient Slavs. In fact, in many of the Russian folk tales, Veles, appearing under the Christian guise of St. Nicholas, saves the poor farmer and his cattle from the furious and destructive St. Elias the Thunderer, who, of course, represents the old Perun. The duality and conflict of Perun and Veles does not represent the dualistic clash of good and evil; rather, it is the opposition of the natural principles of earth, water and substance (Veles) against heaven, fire and spirit (Perun).

#商業之神 #七神 #偷牛偷子偷老婆 #下雨 #暴風神戰龍/大蛇 #季節變化 #大自然現象的對比 #並非正邪之戰

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-12-21 01:31:58, 04:56:14

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belobog

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobog

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belobog&oldid=864444300#Two_aspects_of_one_god

Russian philologists Vyacheslav Ivanov and Vladimir Toporov probably struck the final blow to Peisker's theory with their studies of Indo-European myth about the battle of a Storm god and a Dragon and its Slavic version, the fight of Perun and Veles. In many Slavic countries, there are toponyms reminiscent of the two: The name of Perun is associated with a hill or mountain peak, and the name of Veles with water or a lowland under it. The opposition between the two of them is not that of good versus evil, but rather of above versus below.

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php...orrupted_by_Christian_ideology

Perun, being the god of thunder and sky, was worshipped in high places. On the other hand, the places reserved for Veles, the god of underworld and cattle, were in lowlands near rivers or springs.

With the arrival of Christianity, the once supreme god Perun was usually identified with one of the heavenly saints (or sometimes even with the Christian God), while Veles, being a god of the underworld, had the bad luck of ending associated with the Christian Devil. Thus, christianization somewhat altered certain (but not all) of these toponyms in that some of them became associated with the devil and hell, while others with heaven and light, blurring their original symbolism.

#受到基督教破壞 #倒楣 #壞運

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perun&oldid=869847564#Characteristics

Like many other Indo-European thunder gods, Perun's vegetative hypostasis was the oak, especially a particularly distinctive or prominent one. In Southern Slavic traditions, marked oaks stood on country borders; communities at these positions were visited during village holidays in the late spring and during the summer. Shrines of Perun were located either on top of mountains or hills, or in sacred groves underneath ancient oaks. These were a general place of worship and holding of sacrifices (with a bull, an ox, a ram, and eggs).

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-12-24 13:39:22

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deities_of_Slavic_religion&oldid=871253074
Slavic folk belief holds that the world organises itself according to an oppositional and yet complementary cosmic duality through which the supreme God expresses itself, represented by Belobog ("White God") and Chernobog ("Black God"), collectively representing heavenly-masculine and earthly-feminine deities, or waxing light and waning light gods, respectively

The two are also incarnated by Svarog–Perun and Veles, whom have been compared to the Indo-Iranian Mitra and Varuna, respectively.

天、陽剛、男性、明亮
地、陰柔、女性、盈虧

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-12-24 13:40:20, 13:43:38, 21:08:37

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkwunos

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-12-27 05:04:15

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veles_(god)&oldid=873304538
Volos (Russian: Волос, listed as a Christian saint in Old Russian texts)

After the advent of Christianity, Veles was split into several different characters.

As a god of the underworld and dragons, he, of course, became identified with the Devil.

His more benevolent sides were transformed to several Christian saints.

As a protector of cattle, he became associated with Saint Blaise, popularly known among various Slavic nations as St. Vlaho, St. Blaz, or St. Vlasiy. In Yaroslavl, for example, the first church built on the site of Veles's pagan shrine was dedicated to St Blaise, for the latter's name was similar to Veles and he was likewise considered a heavenly patron of shepherds.

As mentioned already, in many Eastern Slavic folk tales, he was replaced by St. Nicholas, probably because the popular stories of the saint describe him as a giver of wealth and a sort of a trickster.

https://www.google.com/search?q=Sain...p;sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

http://www.academia.edu/10743453/St._Perun_and_St._Volos
St. Perun and St. Volos | James Joshua Pennington - Academia.edu

St. Perun and St. Volos: the “Semiotic Blending” of Pagan Gods with Christian Saints in the Imagery of a 13th-century Novgorodian St. John Climacos Icon

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2019-01-03 16:39:13

https://www.google.com/search?q="Vol...p;sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://www.google.com/search?num=10...j0i22i10i30j33i160.hWFERyfCuiE

 https://books.google.com.tw/books?id..."St. Vlas" "Veles"&f=false
 Russian Folk Belief - Linda J. Ivanits - Google Books

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2019-01-03 16:40:09

https://www.facebook.com/taiwan.greece/photos/a.352333975567494/353059312161627/?type=3&theater

幫忙補充一下。XD 以下憑記憶打：

1. 那位三姊妹家很窮，可能沒有辦法負擔得起嫁妝，甚至可能要去賣春，St. Nicholas因為聽到了這件事情而想幫助，但是正大光明拿錢過去恐怕會傷及三姊妹父親的自尊，於是他才在夜裡喬裝，將裝滿金幣的袋子從窗口投入。如此持續了共三晚。

2. 承(1)，這個故事有類似的版本，主角則是不同的聖徒，但已St. Nicholas的最為有名。

3. 承(1)，也因此在部分地方，St. Nicholas不但是小孩的守護聖徒，亦被視為妓女的守護聖徒。

4. 荷蘭的Sintaklaas雖然是以St. Nicholas為基底，但是也融入了日耳曼元素。

【插播】關於聖誕節

c1. 12/25日原本是羅馬帝國的冬至祭典，一般被視為太陽神Sol Invictus的祭典。羅馬帝國改宗之後，該祭典被轉為慶祝耶穌誕生，因此耶穌的生日就沿用了這個日期。也因為其異教祭典之本質與起源，部分基督教的教派是不過聖誕節的。

c2. 日耳曼人則是有獨自的祭典Yule「仲冬節」，在一些部族則產生了人格化的象徵"Yule"，他會給大人們帶來饗宴、遊戲，與歡樂，後來Yule在英格蘭演化成了「聖誕父親」（Father Christmas），但多與小孩無關，身上顏色有紅與(或)綠和白色。

c3. 承(c2)這個節日有時會與他們的主神Odin（亦稱為Wodan，稱呼因部落/民族而異）有關，因此影響了Sintaklaas的造型，像是長鬍鬚、騎馬。

5. Sintaklaas被荷裔人士帶到美國，在那邊演化出了Santa Clause。相較於Sintaklaas，他乘著麋鹿拉的雪撬、身材也要豐腴、造型也不是主教的樣子，而是我們現在看到的"聖誕帽與聖誕衣"，之後又傳回了歐洲。在英格蘭，Santa Clause漸漸與Father Christmas混同，因此Father Christmas也開始會帶禮物給小朋友。而在現代，Father Christmas在大部分的地方已經成了Santa Clause的別稱了。

6. St Nicholas為人們帶來財富，除了傳說中的事蹟之外，亦被認為可能源自於斯拉夫神Veles。Veles是掌管地、水、冥、財、魔法、牲畜、牧草、魔法、魔術、音樂、醫藥之神。身為大地之神，帶來肥沃與財富、幫助人民是他的能力之一，也因此當基督教傳到斯拉夫的時候，他便與St Nicholas同化了。除了與St. Nicholas同化之外，他也因為身為牲畜（以牛隻為主）的保護者，而與另一名聖徒 St Blaise同化。而在古時候的俄羅斯，他則是直接成為聖徒St. Volos（類似的有愛爾蘭的聖徒Saint Brigid被認為可能是女神Brigid）。



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Nicholas
 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Nicholas&oldid=877917377 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinterklaas
 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sinterklaas&oldid=877760723

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Claus
 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa_Claus&oldid=878392474

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_Christmas
 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Father_Christmas&oldid=877906219

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas#Introduction_of_feast
 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christmas&oldid=878368477

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol_Invictus
 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sol_Invictus&oldid=875308811

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithraism
 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mithraism&oldid=877798515

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithras_in_comparison_with_other_belief_systems
 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php...ef_systems&oldid=877621409

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yule
 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yule&oldid=875994758

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2019-01-15 04:17:03, 04:17:40

https://www.ancient-origins.net/myth...-battle-two-slavic-gods-005585
Veles and Perun: The Legendary Battle of Two Slavic Gods | Ancient Origins

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2019-06-10 21:34:00

https://www.google.com/search?newwin...kJQKHX0YBfwQ4dUDCAw&uact=5

https://www.google.com/search?q=site...p;sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_dragon
In the Bulgarian version of Saint George and the Dragon, the dragon was a lamia. Bulgarian legends tell of how a hero (actually a double of St. George, denoted as "George of the Flowers", Cveten Gǝorgi, Bulgarian: цветен Гьорги cuts off the heads of the three- or multi-headed Lamia, and when the hero accomplishes its destruction and sever all its heads, "rivers of fertility" are said to flow. This song about St. George's fight with the lamia occurs in ritual spiritual verse supposed to be sung around St. George's day.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith
Slavic Native Faith

Ivakhiv says that despite the intense efforts of Christian authorities, the Christianisation of the Slavs, and especially of Russians, was very slow and resulted in a "thorough synthesis of Pagan and Christian elements", reflected for instance in the refashioning of gods as Christian saints (Perun as Saint Elias, Veles as Saint Blasius and Yarilo as Saint George) and in the overlapping of Christian festivals on Pagan ones.[41] The scholar of Russian folk religion Linda J. Ivanits reports ethnographic studies documenting that even in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Russia there were entire villages maintaining indigenous religious beliefs, whether in pure form or under the cover of a superficial Christianity. According to her, the case of Russia is exceptional compared to western Europe, because Russia neither lived the intellectual upheavals of the Renaissance, nor the Reformation, nor the other movements which severely weakened folk spirituality in Europe.

#St. George

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veles_(god)

Veles is one of few Slavic gods for which evidence of offerings can be found in all Slavic nations. The Primary Chronicle, a historical record of the early Kievan Rus, is the earliest and most important record, mentioning a god named Volos several times. Here, Volos is mentioned as god of cattle and peasants, who will punish oath-breakers with diseases, the opposite of Perun who is described as a ruling god of war who punishes by death in battle. In the later half of the 10th century, Veles or Volos was one of seven gods whose statues Vladimir I of Kiev had erected in his city. It is very interesting that Veles' statue apparently did not stand next to others, on the hill where the prince's castle was, but lower in the city, in the marketplace. Not only does this indicate that Veles was connected with commerce, but it also shows that worship of Perun and Veles had to be kept separate: while it was proper for Perun's shrines to be built high, on the top of the hill, Veles' place was down, in the lowlands.

A similar pattern can be observed among the South Slavs. Here the name of Veles appears only in toponyms, the best-known of which is the city of Veles in Macedonia, over which looms a hill of St. Elias the Thunderer. Also, in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a part of Sarajevo is called Velešići and a mountain Velež  near Mostar, Herzegovina. Other examples are Veles in Western Serbia, Velesnica on the Danube and Velestovo in Montenegro and also the township of Velestino (Βελεστίνο, today Φέρες), apparently bearing testimony to a Slavic layer in the settlement of Thessaly. Another debatable if not improbable example8 is the town of Volosko in Croatia, situated on the seashore under the peak of Mount Učka, nicknamed Perun.

Among Western Slavs, the name can be principally found in 15th and 16th century Czech records, where it means either dragon or devil.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Veles_(god)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Mythology_of_all_races_(1918)_(14578796339).jpg
"Weles" in wolf form, from The Mythology of All Races (1918).

#山丘 #低地

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Perun_and_Veles_create_the_man.jpg
The man was created by Veles from straw (used by Perun for bathing), but was not alive. Then Perun put the life to his body.

#造人 #稻草 #生命

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Велес-_бог_домашніх_тварин.jpg

#排笛 #牧羊人

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Mythology_of_all_races_(1918)
The Mythology of all races (1918)

#各民族的神話 #書籍

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2020-04-28 02:39:07 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thor&oldid=965751116

The prologue to the Prose Edda euhemerises Thor as a prince of Troy, and the son of king Memnon by Troana, a daughter of Priam. Thor, also known as Tror, is said to have married the prophetess Sibyl (identified with Sif). Thor is further said here to have been raised in Thrace by a chieftain named Lorikus, whom he later slew to assume the title of "King of Thrace", to have had hair "fairer than gold", and to have been strong enough to lift ten bearskins.

The name of the æsir is explained as "men from Asia", Asgard being the "Asian city" (i.e., Troy). Alternatively, Troy is in Tyrkland (Turkey, i.e., Asia Minor), and Asialand is Scythia, where Thor founded a new city named Asgard. Odin is a remote descendant of Thor, removed by twelve generations, who led an expedition across Germany, Denmark and Sweden to Norway.

#北歐 #特洛伊

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2020-07-08 23:35:42 (台灣)
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2020-10-13 03:53:58 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon...ce transformed into a salmon.)
Salmon of Knowledge

#知識的鮭魚 #智慧的鮭魚
via Kaede*
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2020-10-15 00:26:18 (台灣)
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2021-02-01 17:33:49, 17:34:01, 17:36:04 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_mythology
Hindu mythology

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_mythology
Vedic mythology

Vedic lore contains numerous elements which are common to Indo-European mythological traditions, like the mythologies of Persia, Greece, and Rome, and that of the Celtic, Germanic, Baltic and Slavic peoples.

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2021-02-11 18:41:58 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiranyagarbha
Hiranyagarbha

#世界卵 #蛋 #World egg

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/盘古
盤古

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2021-02-11 18:42:49 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigveda
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_views_on_evolution#Hindu_creationism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purusha

#Atman 我 (印度教) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ātman_(Hinduism) 

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2021-02-11 18:45:26 (台灣)

> https://www.plurk.com/p/lf3x6s

https://www.google.com/search?q=site...p;sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shiva&oldid=1025378973

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acala&oldid=1024969251

https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=不動明王&diff=83279506&oldid=59414572

#Acala #Shiva #不動明王 #濕婆

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2021-05-28 09:20:23 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri
Peri

#波斯神話 #火作的 #惡作劇 #魅魔相關？

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2021-07-19 18:50:16 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_views_on_evolution
Hindu views on evolution - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindu_views_on_evolution&oldid=1039088391
While the Creation–evolution controversy has seen much debate in US, Middle East and parts of Africa, it is an insignificant issue in India, because of its Hindu-majority population.

#印度教對進化論的看法 #反觀美國

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2021-08-17 11:53:32 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donn

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yama

#人類祖先成為冥界之王

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_mythology

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-09-12 03:28:23, 03:33:38

https://www.plurk.com/p/mj4bzp

掌管陰間與死後審判的閻羅王，源自於印度，而且應該可以上溯到印歐民族。印度的Yama、伊朗的賢王Jamshīd（Yima）、羅馬建城雙子(弟)Remus（古拉丁語*Yemos）、北歐的第一個巨人Ymir應該是源自於同一神話人物。字根為"雙"、"對"，其中Yama有雙子的妹妹Yami，Remus有雙子的哥哥；Ymir與Remus都被殺害。

根據印度的神話，閻羅原本為世界上的第一個人類，死後因為第一個到陰間而成為陰間之王。

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2021-10-15 15:49:16 (台灣)

https://www.google.com/search?q="Her...p;sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

 https://www.saatchiart.com/art/Sculpture-Hermes-Disguised-as-Ganesh/504293/2342252/view
 Hermes Disguised as Ganesh Sculpture by Christine Palamidessi | Saatchi Art

 https://www.reddit.com/r/occult/comments/2usbzn/in_our_modern_magikal_pantheon_hermes_ganesh/
 In our modern magikal pantheon Hermes, Ganesh, Thoth are all linked... has this caused anyone problems? : occult

 https://devoteeofhermes.wordpress.com/2014/08/31/jai-ganesh/
 Jai Ganesh! | Devotee of Hermes

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2021-10-15 15:57:05 (台灣)

https://www.instagram.com/p/CUTrtFXNSHW/c/17926078480763773/ via https://disp.cc/b/261-a2Q9 #設計師的仙界傳說

Marvel的Asgard是以北歐神話的Asgard為範本。有趣的是，因為北歐與印度文化都屬於印歐體系，而Asgard（AEsir族所居住之地）與阿修羅（Asura）應該是屬於同源。[1] 阿修羅中的Dana（《梨俱吠陀》的原初女神，後裔為Danavas），在其他歐洲都有對應，如愛爾蘭神話的Danu（後裔為Tuatha Dé Danann「達納神族」）。以及剩下以他來命名的河流，如Don（頓河；俄國）、Donau（多瑙河；德國）、Dnieper（聶伯河；俄、白俄、烏克蘭）。"As-"（神）後來在印歐分化時，印度伊朗這一大支文化裡面，As-在伊朗依舊維持了神族的身分（如拜火教的Ahura Mazda [馬自達汽車的名稱由來]就是修羅，傳到密宗則成為大日如來），但來到印度卻成為了「非天」（阿修羅），被視為魔族。

類似的情況就像Dev-（天）在歐洲依舊是代表天神，如宙斯（Zeus Pater；希臘）、尤比得（Jupiter；羅馬）、Dyaus Pita（印度），前三尊意思都是「天父」。Dev-在印度文化形成了「提婆」（天族），反觀在伊朗則變成惡魔「Daeva」。巧合的是，Devil（魔鬼/魔王）被說字根也是Dev-，印證了魔王是從天界來的。[2]（事實上，Devil詞源其實是從希臘文Diábolos演變而來。）

此外，雖然佛教講六道（提婆、阿修羅、人、畜生、餓鬼、地獄），但實際上更早的是五趣，差別就在於提婆（天）與阿修羅同屬一趣，都是「神」。

另外其實五趣都需要修行，[2]天人不修就會天人五衰直接落到地獄；修羅經過修行也能成為佛。以前聽法師（佛教）講道說經的時候，也有提到公雞天天去聽佛，後來往生脫離五趣的故事。佛教神話裏面也有Naga（百頭巨蛇，中日翻譯為「龍族」或「龍神」）成佛的故事，龍女菩薩便是最具代表性的。。

[1] 北歐神話的Vidarr相當於印度神話的Vishnu；北歐神話原始巨人Ymir，對應印度的Yama、伊朗的賢王Jamshīd（Yima）、羅馬建城雙子(弟)Remus（古拉丁語*Yemos）。字根為"雙"、"對"，其中Yama有雙子的妹妹Yami，Remus有雙子的哥哥；Ymir與Remus都被殺害。Yama是印度神話中第一個人類，過世後也成為第一個到死後世界的人，因此在冥界稱王，也就是「閻王」。

[2] 佛教中的「魔王」，亦稱「天魔」，確實是來自天界（六欲天）的最高天他化自在天。一說(佛教)魔王就是愛神Kama的另一面。Kama的形象就是持弓箭的愛神，其實就是希臘愛神Eros與羅馬愛神Cupid的印度版。一般對於愛神的印象是拿弓箭的小朋友小天使，實際上從早期的希臘神話來看，Eros是四大原始神之一，掌管慾望與繁殖。（另外三尊為混沌Chaos、大地Gaia、深淵Tartarus。） 詳細可以參考：https://disp.cc/b/261-aRN2

[3] 印度神話跟希臘神話（以及其他神話）一樣，都有征服者（印歐民族）與當地原住民的神話混合。以希臘神話的奧林巴斯神來說，宙斯四姊弟都是印歐民族的神，而天后赫拉、戰略與智慧神雅典娜、月與狩獵神亞蒂米、信差赫米斯則是原住民的神。（太陽神阿波羅、軍神亞雷士、美神阿芙蘿地則是外來神明，如小亞細亞[安納多利亞]與西亞，這也是為何前兩尊在特洛伊戰爭裡支持位於安納多利亞的特洛伊。）

[4] 印度象頭神Ganesh的來源故事很多。常見的就如podcast中提到的：a. 大雪山女神（Parvati；烏摩Uma）在濕婆神遠出的時候覺得無聊寂寞所以自己捏了一個小孩出來，然後當濕婆回來正好妻子在洗澡，這時Ganesh出來擋住濕婆的去路，結果大打出手的結果就是Ganesh頭被砍下；或是

b. 當Ganesh出生的時候，夫妻兩人秀兒子給諸神看，當他們想秀給土星神（土曜）看結果被拒絕，因為土星神的眼睛有毀滅神力，但夫妻很堅持（大概認為自己的小孩很厲害不會受影響），所以當土星神瞄了一眼後，Ganesh的頭就煙飛灰滅了；

c. 同b，但夫妻兩人是邀請大家來兒子的誕生宴，唯獨土星神沒有受邀，於是土星神就過來看了一眼，小孩頭就落地了。（位受邀而自己跑來對小孩動手的故事類似歐洲的《睡美人》。

abc的結果就是濕婆發願出門第一個看到的動物就頭砍下來當兒子的頭；另有d. 濕婆夫妻兩人化身為大象時行房，生下來的小孩就是象頭人身。

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2021-10-15 16:04:43 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empanda
In ancient Roman religion, Empanda or Panda was a goddess, or possibly an epithet of Juno.

via https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_panda&diff=1040989311&oldid=1038177327

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2021-10-19 12:09:32 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norðri,_Suðri,_Austri_and_Vestri
Norðri, Suðri, Austri and Vestri

天空是Ymir的頭蓋骨做的，而這四名侏儒就負責在四個角落撐住天空。

 https://empiresandpuzzles.fandom.com/wiki/Nordri

 https://empiresandpuzzles.fandom.com/wiki/Sudri

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dáinn,_Dvalinn,_Duneyrr_and_Duraþrór
Dáinn, Dvalinn, Duneyrr and Duraþrór

#世界樹 #東南西北四矮人

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2021-10-23 07:26:06 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dökkálfar_and_Ljósálfar
Dökkálfar and Ljósálfar 黑暗妖精與光明妖精

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svartálfar
Svartálfar 黑妖精/黑矮人

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2021-10-23 07:28:37 (台灣)

https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/C_Chat/M.1616051111.A.94D.html

#希臘神話作為「文學創作」跟「信仰」的分界
#八仙呂洞賓
#阿波羅與月桂冠
#文明與部落互相征戰

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-01-16 12:32:38 (台灣)

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/morъ

via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morana_(goddess)#Names_and_etymology

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Morana_(goddess)&oldid=1063566426

from https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php...ff=69677691&oldid=68700101

#Mars字根 #死神 #斯拉夫 #死亡女神
#Yama #波蘭
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-01-15 23:20:41 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrtyu

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mara_(Hindu_goddess)

https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=羅剎&oldid=67711336&variant=zh-tw

#字根 #死神 #Yama #Mara #死亡女神 #羅剎

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_drive
Death drive

#Eros & Thanatos #性慾與死亡

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-01-20 01:25:59 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mara_(demon)
Mara (demon) #天魔 #魔羅

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dievas
Dievas

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Māra
Māra

#立陶宛 #天神 #地母神兼地府神 #冥后 #死神 #Deva

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-01-23 02:11:02 (台灣)

https://zh.wikisource.org/zh-hant/海國四說
海國四說

#祆教 #波斯教

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-01-25 13:12:46 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganesha_in_world_religions
Ganesha in world religions

Speculation related to Janus

via https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ganesha_in_world_religions&oldid=1060453630

#象頭神
My Notepad, [26/01/2022 22:39]
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-01-27 02:19:27 (台灣)

https://www.google.com/search?q=site...p;sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
site:zh.wikisource.org/ "胡神也" - Google Search

#祆教

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-01-27 02:47:09, 14:03:54 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavaevodata

#祆教原始牛 #動物界的Ymir、Tiamat #身體被分割成為了牲畜

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auðumbla

#北歐原始牛

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_bull

#神聖的牛 #聖牛

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamadhenu
Kamadhenu

#有翅膀的人頭牛 #財富牛 #印度教牛女神

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dema_Deity
Dema Deity is a concept introduced by Adolf Ellegard Jensen following his research on religious sacrifice. Jensen was a German ethnologist who furthered the theory of Cultural Morphology founded by Leo Frobenius.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainuwele
Hainuwele, "The Coconut Girl", is a figure from the Wemale and Alune folklore of the island of Seram in the Maluku Islands, Indonesia. Her story is an origin myth.

#女神 #身體被分割成為了食物

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-01-27 14:09:59 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamuna_in_Hinduism
Yamuna in Hinduism

#生命女神 #恆河上游 #Yami #Yama的雙胞胎

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-01-29 06:00:03 (台灣)
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-01-30 15:58:14 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H2éwsōs
Hausos

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mater_Matuta
Mater Matuta was an indigenous Latin goddess, whom the Romans eventually made equivalent to the dawn goddess Aurora, and the Greek goddess Eos.

via https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proto-Indo-European_mythology&oldid=928402073

#拉丁女神 #Aurora相關

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushas
Ushas

#戰車 #曙光女神 #金馬 #金烏鴉

https://www.google.com/search?q=vrit...p;sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-02-01 08:30:41 (台灣)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/F...ei_Capitolini_-_MC1185_(2).JPG

via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardea

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cardea&oldid=1061792233

#四季 #羅馬神話浮雕 #女風神

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szélanya
Szélanya

#女風神 #風母 #突厥語

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-02-03 04:42:13 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusalka
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ルサールカ

via https://twitter.com/AnCL_STAFF/status/1491291219439194113?t=8w1aMCROBRV8j-ex-Ly67Q&s=06
 #天使連結
via Hung
#斯拉夫水精 #水妖

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-02-18 09:26:25 (台灣)
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-02-25 14:57:10 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amesha_Spenta

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/アムシャ・スプンタ

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daeva

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daeva&oldid=1079838665

* Akoman of "evil thought" opposing Wahman/Bahman of "good thought" (Av. Aka Manah versus Vohu Manah)

* Indar that freezes the minds of the righteous opposing Ardawahisht of "best truth" (Av. Indar versus Asha Vahishta).

* Nanghait of discontent opposing Spendarmad of "holy devotion" (Av. Naonhaithya/Naonghaithya versus Spenta Armaiti)

#Ashvins

* Sawar/Sarvar of oppression opposing Shahrewar of "desirable dominion" (Av. Saurva versus Kshathra Vairya)

* Tauriz/Tawrich of destruction opposing Hordad of "wholeness" (Av. Taurvi versus Haurvatat)

* Zariz/Zarich who poisons plants opposing Amurdad of "immortality" (Av. Zauri versus Ameretat)

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ダエーワ#ヴェンディダードの7大魔王

* アカ・マナフ (Aka Manah) - アムシャ・スプンタのウォフ・マナフと対抗する魔王

* ドゥルジ (Druj)

* サルワ（サウルウァ） (Saurva) - フシャスラ・ワルヤと対抗する魔王。インド神話の暴風神ルドラ（別名サルワ、後の破壊神シヴァ）のゾロアスター教での姿

* タローマティ (Tarōmaiti) - スプンター・アールマティと対抗する魔王

* タルウィ (Taurvi) - ハルワタートと対抗する魔王

* ザリチュ (Zairic) - アムルタートと対抗する魔王

* アンラ・マンユ (Angra Mainyu) - 最高神アフラ・マズダーに対抗する、魔王の中の魔王

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-04-18 17:30:37 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louhi
Louhi

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Louhi&oldid=1081903111

As many mythological creatures and objects are easily conflated and separated in Finnish mythology, Louhi is probably an alter-ego of the goddess Loviatar.

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loviatar

See also: Laufey, the mother of Loki in Norse mythology

#女巫 #盲眼女神

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-06-21 08:19:44, 08:21:49 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio_graeca
Interpretatio graeca

希臘式的翻譯轉化

通過希臘〔模式〕的意義來解釋

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio_graeca#Greco-Roman_equivalents
希臘、羅馬、中東諸神性質對照表

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio_germanica
日爾曼釋義（Interpretatio germanica）是由日爾曼民族用日爾曼神靈的名號來識別羅馬眾神的做法。根據魯道夫· 西梅克所述，這是發生在西元一世紀左右的由兩種文化共同存在的時代，當羅馬文化與日爾曼文化進一步接觸的時間點。日爾曼釋義的一些證據存在於羅馬人有關有關一周七天的名稱之日爾曼語翻譯中。

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretatio_Christiana
Interpretatio Christiana

#基督教

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/本地垂迹
本地垂迹

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/神仏習合
神仏習合 / 神仏混淆

#神佛習合

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-09-02 14:06:32 (台灣)
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2022-11-28 21:59:12 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daitya
Daitya

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ホリカ
ホリカ（Holika）は、インド神話に登場するアスラ神族ダイティア族の神である。
[チャンピオンRED] [手塚治虫× 藤澤勇希× 柚木N’] 三つ目黙示録 ～悪魔王子シャラク～ 第015話 [2018-01]
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-01-13 00:00:46, 00:01:26 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medb

- 這起司絕對砸得死人（不知道能吃多久（[d]還是該吐槽又用難以理解的東西當比例尺

#4000磅 #接近兩公噸的起司 #芝士 #香蕉 #Medb #愛爾蘭神話
p56o4c #日記202301290034?
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-01-28 22:27:59 (台灣)
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-01-29 00:34:59 (台灣)
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-01-30 02:33:23 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barghest
In Northern English folklore, the Barghest or Barguest is a mythical monstrous black dog with large teeth and claws, though in other cases the name can refer to a ghost or household elf, especially in Northumberland and Durham, such as the Cauld Lad of Hylton.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_dog_(folklore)
The black dog is a supernatural, spectral, or demonic entity originating from English folklore that has also been seen throughout Europe and the Americas. It is usually unnaturally large with glowing red or yellow eyes, is often connected with the Devil (as an English incarnation of the Hellhound), and is sometimes an omen of death.

#英格蘭傳說 #神話 #精靈 #妖精 #バーゲスト #黑狗相關

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-03-14 16:29:37 (台灣)

https://www.google.com.tw/search?q=s...p;sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Danu_(Asura)&oldid=857979367

#Danu #Tiamat #原水 #海水

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danu_(Irish_goddess)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)#Tethys_as_Tiamat

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiamat

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-09-12 03:10:09, 03:11:07, 03:14:00, 03:14:41

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anu_(Irish_goddess)

In Irish mythology, Anu (or Ana, sometimes given as Anann or Anand) is a goddess. She may be a goddess in her own right, or an alternate name for Danu.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danu_(Irish_goddess)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuatha_Dé_Danann

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danu_(Asura)

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2019-05-19 03:18:33
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2019-05-31 22:50:30

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danu_(Irish_goddess)
Danu (Irish goddess)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danu_(Asura)
Danu (Asura)

As a word for "rain" or "liquid", dānu is compared to Avestan dānu, "river", and further to river names like Don, Danube, Dnieper, Dniestr, etc. There is also a Danu river in Nepal. The "liquid" word is mostly neutral, but appears as feminine in RV 1.54.

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2021-10-15 15:20:07 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuatha_Dé_Danann
Tuatha Dé Danann

 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/F..._McManus_Galleries,_Dundee.jpg

#達娜神族 #達納神族

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danava_(Hinduism)
In Hindu mythology, the danavas are a race descending from Kashyapa and his wife Danu, a daughter of the progenitor god, Daksha.

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-03-20 16:02:14 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_(river)
Don (river)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danu
Danu is an ancient Scythian word meaning "river". The commonly proposed etymology of the names of the Danube River, Dnieper River, Dniester River, Don River, and Donets River.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deh₂nu
Deh₂nu

Deh₂nu- is a proposed Proto-Indo-European goddess of rivers based on the Vedic goddess Dānu, the Irish goddess Danu, the Welsh goddess Don and the names of the rivers Danube, Don, Dnieper, and Dniester.

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danu_(Irish_goddess)
 Danu (Irish goddess)

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danu_(Hinduism)
 Danu (Hinduism)

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dewi_Danu
 Dewi Danu
 
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-03-20 16:05:09 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Celtic_paganism#:~:text=From%20PIE%20*deywos%20('god%2C%20deity').
Proto-Celtic paganism - Wikipedia

#對照表

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-03-30 03:51:16, 03:51:26 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durga

https://dic.pixiv.net/a/ドゥルガー

 https://www.pixiv.net/artworks/67120755

彼女の異名の一つに「チュンディー」があるがこれが仏教に取り入れられ、漢訳の際には「准胝観音」と表記された。

観世音菩薩がもつ相の一つであり、主要な変化身「六観音」の一尊である。

一方、女神としてのドゥルガー（突伽天女）の陰は薄い。

『大慈恩寺三蔵法師伝（慈恩伝）』によると、三蔵法師が仏典を求めて天竺（インド）を訪れた際、突伽（ドゥルガー）を崇拝する賊たちに襲われ、生贄用に殺されそうになったという。

カーリーに仕えたサッグ団を思わせるエピソードである。

 https://www.pixiv.net/artworks/26504459

 https://www.pixiv.net/artworks/7743236


[授けた存在]

[授けられた物]

破壊神シヴァ

トリシューラ（三叉戟）

維持神ヴィシュヌ

チャクラム（円盤）

水神ヴァルナ

羂索（投げ縄）

火神アグニ

槍

嵐神マルト

弓と矢筒

雷神インドラ

雷霆と騎像の鐘

死神ヤマ

杖

創造神ブラフマー

水瓶

太陽神スーリヤ

彼女の全身全ての毛穴に光

カーラ（時・死、の意）

剣と盾

乳海

装身具と衣類

工匠神ヴィシュヴァカルマン

手斧、様々な飛び道具、不壊の鎧

海

身につける萎れない蓮華の花輪、手に持つ蓮華

山神ヒマヴァット

様々な宝石、騎獣ドゥン

財神クベーラ

盃杯

この他にもバリエーションがあるようで、ヤマからは剣、クベーラからは棍棒、とする例もある。

 https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=...q=#v=onepage&q&f=false

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-06-26 18:55:51 (台灣)

https://dic.pixiv.net/a/准胝観音

 https://www.pixiv.net/artworks/49256462

ドゥルガーとの共通点として、

・「チュンディー（チャンディー）」サンスクリット文法上、名前が女性形である。
・多くの腕を持ち、それぞれの手に各種の武器や蓮華を持つ。

がある。

違う部分としては

・ドゥルガーはドゥンと呼ばれるライオンもしくは虎に乗っているが、准胝観音は騎獣を持たない。
・ドゥルガーはアスラ族と戦う軍神・武神としての性格が強いが、准胝観音はこうした説話を持たない。

多くの腕を持ち、それぞれに武器や蓮華を持つ、というのはドゥルガーや准胝観音に限った話ではない。
また梵名が同じでも性格付け・位置付けが全く異なるマリーチと摩利支天の例もある。

そのため陀羅尼の一つ「チュンダー陀羅尼」を擬人化・神格化した尊格とする異説がある。
実際、ヒンドゥー教において太陽神サヴィトリへの賛歌「ガーヤトリー・マントラ」が、女神ガーヤトリーとして擬人化された例がある。

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-06-26 19:00:35 (台灣)

https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Danube&rdfrom=danube

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/déh₂nu
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/déh₂nu

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰenh₂-
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰenh₂-

#多瑙河 #敦河 #屯河 #河神 #河之女神 #修羅女王 #原女神 #印歐 #流動 #水流
#日記 20230722下午
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-07-23 00:22:07 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vala_(Vedic)

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vala_(Vedic)&oldid=1154319584

Vala (valá-), meaning "enclosure" in Vedic Sanskrit, is a demon mentioned in the Vedas, including the Rigveda and the Atharvaveda. Vala is attributed to be the son of Tvashtr and therefore the brother of Vrtra.

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amano-Iwato
 https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/天岩戸 #天の岩戸

#Vritra的兄弟 #石窟 #洞穴 #天照大神躲起來

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-07-27 11:32:25, 11:33:07 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra#Origins

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indra&oldid=1166196728#Origins

Brave and heroic Innara or Inra, which sounds like Indra, is mentioned among the gods of the Mitanni, a Hurrian-speaking people of Hittite region.

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-08-02 18:12:02 (台灣)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BUIQAGqhSj0
Dyeus: The Indo-European Sky Father

#PIE原始印歐語言學發展 #可預測性的演變如p/f互換，像是father
Tag Added: 2023-12-18 16:47:29
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-08-03 01:51:33 (台灣)

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Easter_Bunny_Postcard_1907.jpg

via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ēostre#Connection_to_Easter_Hares

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ēostre&oldid=1166393007#Connection_to_Easter_Hares

#復活節兔子

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-08-03 15:05:16 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_magical_papyri
Greek magical papyri

#希臘魔法草紙 #羅馬 #埃及Set

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-09-07 06:10:00 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triad_(religion)

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triad_(religion)&oldid=1166139718

A triad, in a religious context, refers to a grouping of three gods, usually by importance or similar roles. A triad of gods were usually not considered to be one in the same being, or different aspects of a single deity as in a Trinity or Triple deity.

Triads of three closely associated deities were commonly found throughout the ancient world, and in particular in the religious traditions of Ancient Greece and Egypt.

 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Three_kings_or_three_gods.jpg

This part of a 12th-century Swedish tapestry has been interpreted to show, from left to right, the one-eyed Odin, the hammer-wielding Thor and Freyr holding up an ear of corn
#三位一體關聯 #分割自Triple Deity?
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-09-07 18:35:46 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_deity
Triple deity

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Triple_deity&oldid=1154213130

In classical religious iconography or mythological art, three separate beings may represent either a triad who typically appear as a group (the Greek Moirai, Charites, and Erinyes; the Norse Norns; or the Irish Morrígan) or a single deity notable for having three aspects (Greek Hecate, Roman Diana).

#三神

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-09-07 06:08:48 (台灣)

> https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php...tory&offset=&limit=500

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php...1093991#List_of_triple_deities

via https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Morrígan&oldid=1172031753

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-09-07 18:38:19 (台灣)

: Moved from: https://disp.cc/b/261-8HyA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nP93FYkxGY
The Origins of Roman Religion Are MIND-BLOWING

by Gnostic Informant https://www.youtube.com/@GnosticInformant

#義大利半島古文明 #Pre-Roman 羅馬前歷史 #新石器時代 #羅馬神話 #考古

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-10-04 15:45:56, 15:50:51, 15:52:22 (台灣)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nP93FYkxGY&t=901s

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samnites
Samnites

Jupiter
Mars
Minverva, Mother Godess

#三神一組 #三位一體

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvanus_(mythology)
Silvanus #Pan #森林神

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-10-04 16:04:19 (台灣)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nP93FYkxGY&t=1510s

Tinia / Deos
Uni / Juno
Minerva / Juno

#三神一組 #三位一體

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-10-04 16:19:22 (台灣)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nP93FYkxGY&t=1523s

拜Medea

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-10-04 16:20:33 (台灣)

> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLNQqQTxHvg&t=671s

https://www.google.com/search?q=Angw...GQBgg&sclient=gws-wiz-serp
Angwnis wikipedia - Google Search

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/*H₁n̥gʷnis
*H₁n̥gʷnis

#PIE原始印歐火神

> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncQUJEbpZ9k&t=4s

https://www.google.com/search?q="Maw...BkAYI&sclient=gws-wiz-serp

https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/marzo

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mars#Latin

*Māwortis

#戰爭與暴風神Marut

#Venus #Ushas #Eos #Lucifera

> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RLNQqQTxHvg&t=1117s

https://www.google.com/search?q=Dweo...p;sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

Dewonusos #Dis Pater #Pluto

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-10-04 22:28:01 (台灣)

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/File:Goddess_Kali.jpg

#Kali #12世紀雕像

via https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kali#Etymology_1_2

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-10-04 22:36:39 (台灣)

> https://www.plurk.com/p/mj4bzp

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/*Manu_and_*Yemo

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=*Manu_and_*Yemo&oldid=1179840728

*Manu and *Yemo were a duo in Proto-Indo-European mythology. In the creation myth, Manu kills Yemo as a foundational part of the origin of the universe. Yemo is sometimes also interpreted as a primordial hermaphrodite.

The comparative analysis of different Indo-European tales has led scholars to reconstruct an original Proto-Indo-European creation myth involving twin brothers, *Mónus ('Man') and *YémHos ('Twin'), as the progenitors of the world and mankind, and a hero named *Trito ('Third') who ensured the continuity of the original sacrifice.

Although some thematic parallels can be made with Ancient Near East (the primordial couple Adam and Eve), and even Polynesian or South American legends, the linguistic correspondences found in descendant cognates of *Manu and *Yemo make it very likely that the myth discussed here has a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) origin.
#比較表格 #偷東西的大蛇 #雙子 #雙胞胎 #第一個人類 #印歐神話
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-10-14 13:34:49,  13:36:02 (台灣)

https://youtu.be/nqAWulPfGA0?si=83GkmTKfZUsR1X73

印歐死神與墳墓女神
創世雙子 了Yemo來造宇宙
宇宙是宏觀的人 人類是微觀宇宙
犧牲：將宇宙物質補回去宇宙
印歐宇宙觀Cosmology
胸部與靈魂
靈魂與人死後回歸宇宙

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-11-01 12:19:08 (台灣)

> https://www.plurk.com/p/pdwerl
https://youtu.be/-y2jYmSvUlo?si=l-Vn8tKzF7LQWTnp

近東 中東 如何影響 印歐神話
美索不達米亞 希臘神話 Zeus宙斯

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-11-01 12:23:47 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turms

via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(mythology)

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury_(mythology)&oldid=1181688132

Mercury did not appear among the numinous di indigetes of early Roman religion. Rather, he subsumed the earlier Dei Lucrii as Roman religion was syncretized with Greek religion during the time of the Roman Republic, starting around the 4th century BC. His cult was introduced also by influence of Etruscan religion in which Turms had similar characteristics.

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-11-04 11:34:07 (台灣)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PDnvs-9qN0E&t=2s
Romulus & Remus: A Proto-Jesus and an Ancient Creation Myth? - Crecganford

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-11-05 03:26:30 (台灣)
My Notepad, [01/08/2023 13:29]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minerva

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minerva&oldid=1167754098#Etruscan_Menrva

Stemming from an Italic moon goddess *Meneswā ('She who measures'), the Etruscans adopted the inherited Old Latin name, *Menerwā, thereby calling her Menrva. It is presumed that her Roman name, Minerva, is based on this Etruscan mythology. Minerva was the goddess of wisdom, war, art, schools, justice and commerce. She was the Etruscan counterpart to Greek Athena. Like Athena, Minerva burst from the head of her father, Jupiter (Greek Zeus), who had devoured her mother (Metis) in an unsuccessful attempt to prevent her birth.

By a process of folk etymology, the Romans could have linked her foreign name to the root men- in Latin words such as mens meaning "mind", perhaps because one of her aspects as goddess pertained to the intellectual. The word mens is built from the Proto-Indo-European root *men- 'mind' (linked with memory as in Greek Mnemosyne/μνημοσύνη and mnestis/μνῆστις: memory, remembrance, recollection, manush in Sanskrit meaning mind).

The Etruscan Menrva was part of a holy triad with Tinia and Uni, equivalent to the Roman Capitoline Triad of Jupiter-Juno-Minerva.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menrva

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Menrva&oldid=1163885759

Menrva (also spelled Menerva or Menfra) was an Etruscan goddess of war, art, wisdom, and medicine. She contributed much of her character to the Roman Minerva. She was the child of Uni and Tinia.

Although Menrva was seen by Hellenized Etruscans as their counterpart to Greek Athena, Menrva has some unique traits that make it clear that she was not an import from Greece.

Menrva seems to have been associated with weather phenomena. The Greeks never attributed an association with weather to Athena, making this another important difference between the two religious cults that demonstrates their separate characteristics.

#天氣

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinia

Greek equivalent

Zeus
Roman equivalent

Jupiter
Egyptian equivalent

Amun

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_(mythology)

Greek equivalent

Hera
Roman equivalent

Juno
Hinduism equivalent

Shachi
Canaanite equivalent

Astarte

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_mythology
Etruscan religion

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-08-01 14:09:19 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Menrva&oldid=1163885759

Often, Menrva is depicted in a more essentially Etruscan style, as a lightning thrower. Martianus mentions her as one of nine Etruscan lightning deities. Depiction with a thunderbolt may be seen on later Roman coins of Minerva as well.

#天氣女神 #女雷神 #戰爭與藝術的女神 #智慧

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-12-14 00:18:10 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinia

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tinia&oldid=1189326916

He was the husband of Uni and the father of Hercle. Like many other Etruscan deities, his name is gender neutral.

The Etruscans had a group of nine gods who had the power of hurling thunderbolts; they were called Novensiles by the Romans. Of thunderbolts there were eleven sorts, of which Tinia wielded three.

#九雷神 #雷神群 #11種閃電雷霆 #性別中性的名字

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltumna

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voltumna&oldid=1079579137

In Etruscan mythology, Voltumna or Veltha was the chthonic (relating to or inhabiting the underworld) deity, who became the supreme god of the Etruscan pantheon, the deus Etruriae princeps, according to Varro.

He was the equivalent of the Roman Vertumnus.

#冥界神升格為主神

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertumnus

In Roman mythology, Vertumnus (Latin pronunciation: [wɛr'tʊmnʊs]; also Vortumnus or Vertimnus) is the god of seasons, change and plant growth, as well as gardens and fruit trees.

#季節 #果樹 #換季 #植物成長 #花園

= 分隔線 =

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hercle

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hercle&oldid=1164858570

Hercle differed in many aspects from the Greek Heracles.

He seems to have enjoyed a special status in Italy in general.

In art, he is shown to be a defender of an unknown goddess against creatures on the other side of a human border, showing his status as a Liminal deity. In Etruria, he was also associated with running water. He was also the master of animals, the protector of flocks and herds, and of herdsmen.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liminal_deity

A liminal deity is a god or goddess in mythology who presides over thresholds, gates, or doorways; "a crosser of boundaries".
#門神相關 #界線 #門檻
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-12-14 02:28:04 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uni_(mythology)

She is often depicted with a goatskin cloak and sandals whilst holding a shield, similarly to Juno Sospita, wearing a bridal veil, or completely nude.

Livy states (Book V, Ab Urbe Condita) that Juno was an Etruscan goddess of the Veientes, who was adopted ceremonially into the Roman pantheon when Veii was sacked in 396 BC. This seems to refer to Uni. She also appears on the Liver of Piacenza.

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_(mythology)#Sospita

#盾牌 #婚紗 #全裸 #羊皮斗篷 #披風

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-12-14 02:28:04 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novensiles

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Novensiles&oldid=1165850280

In antiquity, the initial element of the word novensiles was thought to derive from either "new" (novus) or "nine" (novem).

The form novensides has been explained as "new settlers," from novus and insidere, "to settle".

The enduringly influential 19th-century scholar Georg Wissowa thought that the novensiles or novensides were deities the Romans regarded as imported, that is, not indigenous like the di Indigetes.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di_indigetes

In classical Latin, the epithet Indiges, singular in form, is applied to Sol (Sol Indiges) and to Jupiter of Lavinium, later identified with Aeneas. One theory holds that it means the "speaker within", and stems from before the recognition of divine persons. Another, which the Oxford Classical Dictionary holds more likely, is that it means "invoked" in the sense of "pointing at", as in the related word indigitamenta.

#九雷神 #新住民 #外來神明 #本土神明 #羅馬 #拉丁

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-12-14 02:33:26 (台灣)
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2023-12-18 16:47:29, 16:47:49, 16:48:05 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indra

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indra&oldid=1199954265

Indra as a deity had a presence in northeastern Asia minor, as evidenced by the inscriptions on the Boghaz-köi clay tablets dated to about 1400 BCE. This tablet mentions a treaty, but its significance is in four names it includes reverentially as Mi-it-ra, U-ru-w-na, In-da-ra and Na-sa-at-ti-ia. These are respectively, Mitra, Varuna, Indra and Nasatya-Asvin of the Vedic pantheon as revered deities, and these are also found in Avestan pantheon but with Indra and Naonhaitya as demons. This at least suggests that Indra and his fellow deities were in vogue in South Asia and Asia minor by about mid 2nd-millennium BCE.

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-01-29 12:49:09 (台灣)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rPav1aM2VjE
Ancient Roman Cults and Worship
#古羅馬宗教
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-02-02 09:18:32 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_(mythology)#cite_ref-13

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mars_(mythology)&oldid=1199389001#cite_ref-13

  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maruts

   https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruts&oldid=1189721218

In Hinduism, the Maruts (/məˈrʊts/; Sanskrit: मरुत), also known as the Marutagana and sometimes identified with Rudras,  are storm deities and sons of Rudra and Prisni. The number of Maruts varies from 27 to sixty (three times sixty in RV 8.96.8). They are very violent and aggressive, described as armed with golden weapons i.e. lightning and thunderbolts, as having iron teeth and roaring like lions, as residing in the northwest, as riding in golden chariots drawn by ruddy horses.

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_Hunt

#Wild Hunt

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-02-12 12:46:13 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/*H₂epom_Nepōts
*H₂epom Nepōts

#Nechtan #Apam Napat #Neptune #水中火 #沼氣 #甲烷 #瓦斯 #水神

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-02-18 09:25:28, 12:20:50 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/*Welnos

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=*Welnos&oldid=1188716882

Welnos may have been a kind of benevolent sky father representing the night in contrast to Dyēus the aggressive day sky father.

He may have had a rivalry with Perkwunos similar to the rivalry between Perun and Veles.

via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veles_(god)

#Veles #Velos #Volos

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-02-21 00:32:43, 00:33:22 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axe_of_Perun
Axe of Perun

via https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perun&oldid=1206956407

#斧狀護身符

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-02-21 02:01:36 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarilo
Jarylo (Cyrillic: Ярило, Ярила; Serbo-Croatian: Jarilo, Јарило; Belarusian: Ярыла), alternatively Yaryla, Iarilo, Juraj, Jurij, or Gerovit, is alleged East and South Slavic god of vegetation, fertility and springtime.

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yarilo&oldid=1207931937

#春季神 #St. George

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-02-21 02:06:51 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Varuna&oldid=1206198424
Georges Dumézil (1934) made a cautious case for the identity of Varuna and the Greek god Ouranos at the earliest Indo-European cultural level.

The etymological identification of the name Ouranos with the Sanskrit Varuṇa is based in the derivation of both names from the PIE root *ŭer with a sense of "binding" – the Indic king-god Varuṇa binds the wicked, the Greek king-god Ouranos binds the Cyclopes. This derivation of the Greek name is now widely rejected in favour of derivation from the root *wers- "to moisten, drip" (Sanskrit vṛṣ "to rain, pour").[

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-02-28 13:59:21 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugh

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lugh&oldid=1210809999

In the past his name was generally believed to come from another suggested Proto-Indo-European root *leuk-, "flashing light", and since the Victorian era he has often been considered a sun god, similar to the Greco-Roman Apollo. However, the figure of Lugh in Irish mythology and literature seems to be a better match with a romanized god identified with Mercury, described by Julius Caesar in his De Bello Gallico.

There are serious phonological issues with deriving the name from *leuk-, notably that Proto-Indo-European *-k- never produced Proto-Celtic *-g-; for this reason, most modern specialists in Celtic languages no longer accept this etymology.

#發音

Lugh corresponds to the pan-Celtic god Lugus, and his Welsh counterpart is Lleu Llaw Gyffes. He has also been equated with Mercury.

= 分隔線 =

Sometimes he is interpreted as a storm god and, less often today, as a sun god.

Others have noted a similarity in Lugh's slaying of Balor to the slaying of Baldr by Loki.

Lugh's mastery of all arts has led many to link him with the unnamed Gaulish god Julius Caesar identifies with Mercury, whom he describes as the "inventor of all the arts". Caesar describes the Gaulish Mercury as the most revered deity in Gaul, overseeing journeys and business transactions.

St. Mologa has been theorized to be a Christian continuation of the god Lugh.

= 分隔線 =

The County of Louth in Ireland is named after the village of Louth, which is named after the god Lugh. Historically, the place name has had various spellings; "Lugmad", "Lughmhaigh", and "Lughmhadh"
#愛爾蘭 #地名
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-03-15 14:15:05 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_balls
n Irish history and legend, brain balls (Irish: liathróidí inchinne) are small stone-like balls claimed to have been made from the heads or brains of enemies. No examples that modern analysis confirms as human have survived.

#tathlumタスラム

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-03-15 14:19:03 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Solar_goddesses
#太陽女神
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_goddess_of_Arinna

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sun_goddess_of_Arinna&oldid=1110563401

The Sun goddess of Arinna, also sometimes identified as Arinniti or as Wuru(n)šemu,

The Sun goddess of Arinna was originally of Hattian origin and was worshipped by the Hattians as Eštan. One of her Hattian epithets was Wurunšemu ("Mother of the land"?).
#Hittie #西台 #西臺 #巨乳黃金雕像
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-03-15 16:10:38 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caladbolg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur#Forms_and_etymology

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gáe_Bulg#Etymology

#Celt #Celtic #同字根同詞源Etymology
 #日記 
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-03-16 21:01:00 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dagda

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Treasures_of_the_Tuatha_Dé_Danann

#Dagda #Cauldron #四寶

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-03-28 23:11:09 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cú_Chulainn&oldid=863767394

Cú Chulainn shows striking similarities to the legendary Persian hero Rostam, as well as to the Germanic Lay of Hildebrand and the labours of the Greek epic hero Heracles, suggesting a common Indo-European origin,^[10] but lacking in linguistic, anthropological and archaeological material.

via A. Häusler, Indogermanische Altertumskunde, pp.406-407, In: H. Beck, D. Geuenich, H. Steuer, Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, vol. 15, 2000, pp.402-408)

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2018-11-21 05:46:07

↑

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connla

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Connla&oldid=1216026802#Versions_and_date

The tale of Connla shares many key aspects with stories from other traditions.

In the Greek story of Theseus the hero is also born of an irregular union and raised by his mother in a far-off place. When of a similar stature to his unknown father he must take certain tokens left and set out to claim his birthright. He then combats with a series of opponents before meeting his father, Aegeus, and being recognised. A later unknowing father-son element in the story occurs when he returns from Crete, having killed the Minotaur, and the failure to reveal himself leads to the father's death.

There are also strong similarities with the lost Greek epic poem the Telegony were father and son fight. In its surviving summary, found in the "Chrestomathy of Proclus", it is the unrecognised father rather than the son that is killed in combat. Telegonus, the son seeking his father, born of a woman in foreign lands (to the enchantress Circe), after travelling as a stranger to his paternal land, inadvertently fights and kills his father Odysseus. This he does with a lance tipped with the venomous spine of a stingray which could stand, as argued by Edward Petit, as the inspiration for the deadly Gáe Bulg of Cú Chulainn made from the bone of a sea monster, the Curruid. Again there is a scene as Odysseus lies dying, when he and Telegonus recognize one another, and in this case the son Telegonus laments his mistake.

The story also closely resembles the tenth-century tale of Rostam and Sohrab from the Iranian epic the Shahnameh; with an unknowing father-son in a closely matched wrestling duel in which the son is killed, a jewel token-memento and in some versions the use of a poisoned weapon as option of last resort.

This in turn probably derives from the story of Babruvahana, son of Arjuna, in the Mahabharata part of the Indic epic tradition, with an unknowing father-son duel, a jewel-memento, the use of a divine weapon, the Pashupatastra, which cannot be resisted and is not to be used against lesser enemies, and particular to these two stories a following-a-horse element.

#親子互殺

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-03-29 00:12:43 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethniu
In Irish mythology, Ethniu (Old Irish pronunciation: [ˈeθʲnʲu]), or Eithne (Modern Irish pronunciation: [ˈɛhnʲə]) in modern spelling, is the daughter of the Fomorian leader Balor, and the mother of Lugh. She is also referred to as Ethliu (modern Eithle).

#Ethne

via https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Four_Feathers_(2002_film)&oldid=1206742892
#四根羽毛 #Lugh的媽
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-03-29 01:20:46 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethniu&oldid=1187268302

Her union with Lugh's father, Cian (Cían) of the Tuatha Dé Danann, is presented in early texts as a simple dynastic marriage, but later folklore preserves a more involved tale, similar to the birth of Perseus in Greek mythology. A folktale recorded John O'Donovan in 1835 tells how Balor, in an attempt to avoid a druid's prophecy that he will be killed by his own grandson, imprisons Ethniu in a tower on Tory Island away from all contact with men.

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-03-29 01:21:55 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenhwyfach
Gwenhwyfach (Middle Welsh: Gwenhwyvach, Middle Welsh: Gwenhwywach, or Middle Welsh: Gwenhwyach; sometimes anglicized to Guinevak) was a sister of Gwenhwyfar (Guinevere) in medieval Welsh Arthurian legend. The tradition surrounding her is preserved in fragmentary form in two Welsh Triads and the Mabinogi tale of Culhwch and Olwen.
#亞瑟王 #關妮薇的姊妹
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-04-02 04:02:12 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medb

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medb&oldid=1216630216

Tomás Ó Máille was the first to suggest in 1928, that Medb is probably an allegorical figure representing the sovereignty of Connacht, "whom a king would ritually marry as part of his inauguration."
#手扶下顎/拖著下巴 #比喻性的角色 #主權女神 #掌權者須與女神結婚 #結盟 #戰士女王
Miosgán Médhbh (Medb's cairn) at Knocknarea

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosgán_Meadhbha

 Meadhbh is a queen of Connacht in Irish mythology, who is believed to have originally been a sovereignty goddess.

via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur_(2004_film)

 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php...c_versus_traditional_portrayal

Guinevere's warrior persona is closer to the ancient Queen Medb (romanticised above) of the Irish Táin Bó Cúailnge than the Guinevere of Arthurian legend. By J.C. Leyendecker, 1916

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-04-02 04:05:48 (台灣)
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-06-11 23:48:26 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laverna
In Roman mythology, Laverna was a goddess of thieves, cheats and the underworld. She was propitiated by libations poured with the left hand. The poet Horace and the playwright Plautus called her a goddess of thieves. In Rome, her sanctuary was near the Porta Lavernalis.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proserpina

an ancient Roman goddess whose iconography, functions and myths are virtually identical to those of Greek Persephone. Proserpina replaced or was combined with the ancient Roman fertility goddess Libera, whose principal cult was housed in the Aventine temple of the grain-goddess Ceres, along with the wine god Liber.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomona_(mythology)

Pomona (/pəˈmoʊnə/ , Latin: [poːˈmoːna]) was a goddess of fruitful abundance and plenty in ancient Roman religion and myth. Her name comes from the Latin word pomum, "fruit", specifically orchard fruit.

#羅馬神話 #冥界女神

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-06-15 01:36:54 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bona_Dea
Bona Dea (Latin: [ˈbɔna ˈdɛ.a]; 'Good Goddess') was a goddess in ancient Roman religion. She was associated with chastity and fertility among married Roman women, healing, and the protection of the state and people of Rome.

#羅馬神話 #好女神

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-06-15 01:37:52 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spes
Spes (Latin for "Hope") was worshipped as a goddess in ancient Roman religion. Numerous temples to Spes are known, and inscriptions indicate that she received private devotion as well as state cult.

#羅馬神話 #希望女神

= 分隔線 =

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salus

Salus (Latin: salus, "safety", "salvation", "welfare") was the Roman goddess of safety and well-being (welfare, health and prosperity) of both the individual and the state. She is sometimes equated with the Greek goddess Hygieia, though their functions differ considerably.

#羅馬神話 #福祉女神

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-06-15 01:40:17 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Roman_religion

via https://disp.cc/b/261-dFnk

#羅馬神話
#抽象概念之神
※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-06-15 01:43:16 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feronia_(mythology)
Feronia (mythology)

In Etruscan and Sabine religion, Feronia was a goddess associated with wildlife, fertility, health, and abundance, also venerated by the Faliscans and later adopted into ancient Roman religion. As the goddess who granted freedom to slaves or civil rights to the most humble part of society, she was especially honored among plebeians and freedmen. Her festival, the Feroniae, was November 13 (the ides of November) during the Ludi Plebeii ("Plebeian Games"), in conjunction with Fortuna Primigenia; both were goddesses of Praeneste.)

Note that the similar-sounding Feralia on February 21 is a festival of Jupiter Feretrius, not Feronia.

#羅馬神話 #野生

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-06-15 01:45:53 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tranquillitas
In Roman mythology, Tranquillitas was the personification of tranquility.

Tranquillitas seems to be related to Annona (the goddess of the corn harvest from Egypt) and Securitas, implying reference to the peaceful security of the Roman Empire. In the Roman context, the characteristics of Tranquilitas reflected the values at the heart of the Via Romana (the Roman Way) and are thought to be those qualities which gave the Roman Republic the moral strength to conquer and civilize the world.

#羅馬神話 #埃及 #玉米豐收女神

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-06-15 01:48:05 (台灣)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellona_(goddess)
Bellona (IPA: [bɛlˈloːna]) was an ancient Roman goddess of war. Her main attribute is the military helmet worn on her head; she often holds a sword, spear, or shield, and brandishes a torch or whip as she rides into battle in a four-horse chariot. She had many temples throughout the Roman Empire.

#羅馬神話 #女戰神

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-06-15 01:49:58 (台灣)

Dea Dia (Latin: "Goddess of Daylight", or "Bright Goddess") was a goddess of fertility and growth in ancient Roman religion. She was sometimes identified with Ceres, and sometimes with her Greek equivalent Demeter.

#羅馬神話 #白晝女神 #光明女神

※ 編輯: Ctea 時間: 2024-06-15 01:52:09 (台灣)

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Ctea: [筆記] 印歐神話+α #比較神話 #印度 #伊朗 #斯拉夫 #克爾特 #北歐 #屠龍 - CityNight板